Bio Exam - Endocrine

Front 1

HYPOTHALAMUS organ targeted

Back 1

Anterior pituitary

Front 2

HYPOTHALAMUS general functions

Back 2

Produce ADH and oxytocin

Regulate anterior pituitary secretions

Regulate water, heartbeat, and body temperature

Front 3

POSTERIOR PITUITARY hormones released

Back 3

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Oxytocin

Front 4

ADH organ targeted and function

Back 4

Kidney tubules, increases blood volume

Front 5

Oxytocin organ targeted and function

Back 5

Uterus and mammary glands,

Uterine contraction during childbirth

Milk let down while nursing

Front 6

What is the "master gland"?

Back 6

Hypothalamus

Front 7

Name 7 hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland

Back 7

FSH

MSH

TSH

LH

GH

PRL

ACTH

Front 8

PRL (prolactin) organ targeted and function

Back 8

Mammary glands, milk production AFTER childbirth

Front 9

GH (growth hormone) organ targeted and function

Back 9

Bones and tissues,

Stimulates the rate amino acids enter the cell and protein synthesis occurs,

Promotes fat metabolism

Front 10

MSH (melanocytes stimulating hormone) organ targeted and function

Back 10

Skin,

Production of melanin (skin pigment)

Front 11

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) organ targeted and function

Back 11

Adrenal cortex,

Regulates blood glucose levels via cortisol release

Front 12

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) organ targeted and function

Back 12

Thyroid,

Stimulates thyroid to produce the thyroid hormones

Front 13

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) organs targeted and function

Back 13

Gonads (testes and ovaries),

Stimulates males to produce sperm,

Stimulates females to mature egg and produce estrogen

Front 14

LH (luteinizing hormone) organs targeted and function

Back 14

Gonads (testes and ovaries),

Stimulates males to produce testosterone,

Stimulates females to ovulate and produce progesterone

Front 15

What hormone is controlled by positive feedback?

Back 15

Oxytocin

Front 16

What 2 hormones play female specific roles?

Back 16

Oxytocin

Prolactin

Front 17

What 4 hormones specifically target endocrine glands?

Back 17

TSH (thyroid)

ACTH (adrenal cortex)

FSH (gonads)

LH (gonads)

Front 18

2 hormones released by the thyroid gland

Back 18

T3+T4

Calcitonin

Front 19

T3+T4 General function

Back 19

Increase metabolic rate

Front 20

Calcitonin organ targeted and function

Back 20

Blood,

LOWERS blood calcium levels

Front 21

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Back 21

Neck

Front 22

What is another name for T4?

Back 22

Thyroxine

Front 23

Hormone released by the parathyroid gland

Back 23

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Front 24

PTH (Parathyroid hormone) organ targeted and function

Back 24

Bones, kidneys, small intestine

INCREASES blood calcium levels

Front 25

What hormones need iodine in order to function?

Back 25

T3+T4

Front 26

TRUE OR FALSE calcitonin and parathyroid hormone have opposite functions

Back 26

True!

Front 27

Two hormones released by the adrenal cortex

Back 27

Mineralocorticoids (ie aldosterone)

Glucocorticoids (ie cortisol)

Front 28

Mineralocorticoids organ targeted and function

Back 28

Kidney,

Regulate water/salt balance

Increase blood volume & pressure

Front 29

Glucocorticoid organ targeted and function

Back 29

Liver,

Protein and fat metabolism

Reduce inflammation

Suppress immune cells

Front 30

Two hormones released by the adrenal medulla

Back 30

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

Front 31

Epinephrine organ targeted and function

Back 31

Nervous system,

Increases respiration, heart rate, blood glucose

Front 32

Norepinephrine organ targeted and function

Back 32

Nervous system,

Increases respiration, heart rate, blood glucose

Front 33

Which hormones response to short term stress? Long term stress?

Back 33

Short term- mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids

Long term- epinephrine, norepinephrine

Front 34

Two hormones released by the pancreas

Back 34

Insulin

Glucagon

Front 35

Insulin organ targeted and function

Back 35

Liver, muscle, adipose tissue

LOWERS blood glucose levels

Front 36

Glucagon organ targeted and function

Back 36

Liver, adipose tissue

RAISES blood glucose levels

Front 37

What structure produces hormones within the pancreas?

Back 37

Pancreatic islets

Front 38

TRUE OR FALSE. The release of glucagon is part of the pancreas exocrine function

Back 38

False! It is endocrine

Front 39

Hormone released by the thymus

Back 39

Thymosin

Front 40

Thymosin organ targeted and function

Back 40

Immune system (T cells)

Aid in the differentiation of lymphocytes

Production and maturation of lymphocytes

Front 41

TRUE OR FALSE the thymus is large in children and small in adults

Back 41

True

Front 42

Hormone released by the pineal gland

Back 42

Melatonin

Front 43

Melatonin organ targeted and function

Back 43

Brain,

Daily sleep-wake cycle

Front 44

What is the circadian rhythm?

Back 44

Daily 24 hour cycles that increase or decrease melatonin levels to make you feel sleepy or awake

Front 45

Hormones released by the MALE and FEMALE gonads

Back 45

Testes releases testosterone (androgens)

Ovaries release estrogen and progesterone

Front 46

Testosterone organ targeted and function

Back 46

Penis and testicles,

Growth of reproductive organs, body hair, lower voice

Front 47

Estrogen organ targeted and function

Back 47

Uterus and vagina,

Growth of reproductive organs, uterine cycle, body hair, fat distribution

Front 48

Progesterone organ targeted and function

Back 48

Breast and uterus,

Breast development, uterine cycle

Front 49

What stimulates the gonads to release sex hormones?

Back 49

Gonadotropic hormones (GnRH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Front 50

How do sex hormones influence secondary sex characteristics in males?

Back 50

Facial, underarm, and pubic hair growth

Prompts the larynx to enlarge and lower the voice

Stimulates oil and sweat glands in the skin, causing acne and body odour

Baldness

Front 51

How do sex hormones influence secondary sex characteristics in females?

Back 51

Body hair and fat distribution

Breast development

Regulates uterine cycle - starts monthly menstruation

Front 52

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine functions?

Back 52

Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream, which then travel to various target organs

Exocrine glands release hormones directly into the target organ

Front 53

Describe the exocrine portion of the pancreas

Back 53

It contains ducts that produce enzymes required for digestion (amylase, trypsin, lipase, nuclease)

The enzymes are released directly into the small intestine to carry out their function