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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Oral Medications |
Biguanides Sulfonylureas Meglitinides Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors Thiazolidinediones DPP-4 Inhibitors Sodium Glucose Transporter (SGLT) 2 Inhibitors Dopamine Agonist |
Used mainly for Type 2 Diabetics |
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Biguanides |
Reduce hyperglycemia by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity. Metformin (Glucophage) Remember not to be administer 48 hours before or after IV iodinated contrast medium. |
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Sulfonylureas |
Stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells. Also decreases rate of hepatic glucose production and increase insulin receptor sensitivity. HYPOGLYCEMIA is a major side effect. Glumepiride (Amaryl) Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glyburide (Diabeta) chlorpropamide (Diabinese) |
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Meglitinides |
Short acting secretagogues, makes body secrete more insulin. TAKEN W/IN 30 MINS OF A MEAL nateglinide (Starlix) repaglinide (Prandin) |
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors |
“Starch blockers” Prolong absorption of carbohydrates and thus help to prevent postprandial glucose surges. RARLEY USED, flatulence is common. acarbose (Precose) miglitol (Glyset) |
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Thiazolidinediones |
Reduce insulin resistance in the periphery. And sensitize muscle and fat to the actions of insulin. rosiglitazone (Avandia) pioglitazone (Actos) |
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DPP-4 Inhibitors |
Prolong the action of incretin hormones. alogliptin (Nesina) linagliptin (Tradjenta) saxagliptin (Onglyza) sitagliptin (Januvia) |
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Sodium Glucose Transport (SGLT) 2 Inhibitors |
Lower the renal glucose threshold, increases urinary glucose excretion. OBSERVE FOR YEAST INFECTIONS AND DEHYDRATION. dapagliflozin (Farxiga) canagliflozin (Invokana) empagliflozin (Jardiance) |
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Dopamine Agonist |
Reset the abnormally elevated hypothalamic drive for increased plasma glucose. Bromicriptine (Parlodel) |
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Non-Insulin Injectable Medications |
Amylinomimetics Glucagonlike Peptide- 1 Agonists |
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Amylinomimetics |
Mimic endogenous amylin effects: Delays gastric emptying, decreasing postprandial glucagon release, and modulating appetite. ADMINISTER BEFORE MEALTIME pramlinitide (Symlin) |
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Glucagonlike Peptide 1 Agonists |
Stimulates glucose dependent insulin release. AVOID in patients with history of pancreatitis or medullary thyroid cancer. albiglutide (Tanzeum) dulaglutide (Trulicity) exenatide extended release (Bydureon) exenatide (Byetta) litaglutide (Victoza) lixesenatide (Adylxin) semaglutide (Ozempic) |
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Insulin |
Rapid Acting Short Acting Intermediate Acting Long Acting Mixed |
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Rapid Acting Insulin |
Onset is usually 10-15 mins, except Fiasp is 2.5 mins. Peak is usually 0.5-3 hrs. Duration is usually 2-5 hrs Humalog (lispro) Novolog (aspart) Apidra (glulisine) Admelog (lispro) Fiasp (aspart) Afrezza (inhalation) |
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Short Acting Insulin |
Onset is 30 mins. Peak is usually 2-8 hrs. Duration is 6-8 hrs unless U500 is up to 24hrs. Humulin R (Regular) Novolin R (Regular) Humulin R U500 (Concentrated Regular) |
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Intermediate Acting Insulin |
Onset is 1-2 hrs. Peak is 4-12 hrs. Duration is 18-24 hrs. Humulin N (NPH) Novolin N (NPH) |
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Long Acting Insulin |
Onset is 60 mins, except Toujeo is 360 mins. There is NO PEAK. Duration is 24 hours except Toujeo is up to 36 and Tresiba is 42 hrs. Lantus (Glargine) Basaglar (Glargine) Toujeo (Glargine) Levemir (Detemir) Tresiba (Degludec) TRESIBA IS THE ONLY ONE THAT WONT STACK. |
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Mixed Insulin |
NPH + Regular Novolin 70/30 Humulin 70/30 Intermediate + Rapid Acting Novolog 70/30 Humalog 75/25 Humalog 50/50 Long Acting + Rapid Acting Ryzodeg 70/30 is a combination of: Tresiba (degludec) + Novolog (aspart)
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Other Insulin Combinations |
Insulin/GLP1 combinations: Xultophy Tresiba + Victoza Soliqua Lantus + Adlyxin |
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Insulin Regimens |
Once a Day: Bedtime dosing of long acting insulin. Twice a Day: Mixed Insulin in am and pm. NPH + regular in am and pm. Basal-Bolus Long acting at bedtime + rapid acting with meals. |
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