Bio Exam 2

Front 1

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Back 1

C6H12O6 + 6CO2 yields 6CO2 + 6H2O

Front 2

what percent of the energy in glucose is converted into ATP energy?

Back 2

40%

Front 3

when something is phophorylated that means. . .

Back 3

that a phophate is transferred to something and because more reactive in the process

Front 4

When the phosphorylated molecule loeses its phosphate as it does work what does it create?

Back 4

ADP and phosphate

Front 5

catabolic pathways do what?

Back 5

break down moleucules

Front 6

anabolic pathways do what?

Back 6

build up molecules

Front 7

why does oxygen serve as the final electron acceptor?

Back 7

because oxygen has a strong ability to grab elections, very EN

Front 8

T/F most of the energy is lost in the form of heat

Back 8

true to keep our bodies warm

Front 9

What is a hydrogen carrier that shuttle electrons from one reaction to the net?

Back 9

NAD

Front 10

As glucose is broken down do redox or oxidation reactions occur?

Back 10

Oxidized

Front 11

Once glucose is broken down enxymes do what?

Back 11

oxidate glucose and NAD so that they reduce to NADH

Front 12

what is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and converts some of the chemical energy extracted from food to make ATP

Back 12

ETC electron transport chain

Front 13

What are the stages of Aerobic Respiration

Back 13

glycolysis, krebs cycle and electron transport chain

Front 14

what of the three stages of Aerobic Respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

Back 14

glycolysis

Front 15

What are pryuvates?

Back 15

borken down cluclose molecules

Front 16

what of the three stages of Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose into two pryuvates and a total of two NAD are reduced to NADH per glucose oxidized, thus 6 carbons are reduced to 2, 3 carbon sugars.

Back 16

glycolysis

Front 17

During glycolysis how much ATP is made per glucose?

Back 17

2

Front 18

How is ATP produced by Glycolysis?

Back 18

by the trasnferral of a phosphate directly to ADP

Front 19

When a phosphate is transferred directly to ADP from the substrate forming ATP this is called

Back 19

substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 20

T/F CO2 is produced by glycolysis

Back 20

false

Front 21

Which of the stages of Aerobic Respiration occurs in the mitochondrial martrix inside the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Back 21

Krebs cycle

Front 22

what happens to the pyruvates before entering the Krebs cycle

Back 22

Pyruvate is shuttled into the matrix and each pyruvate loses ONE CO2 molecule and the CO2 that was lost diffuses out of the mitochondrion. Then one molecule of NAD is reduced to NADH per pyruvate. coenxyme A is attached to NADH forming a two carbon compound called aceytl CoA

Front 23

In the Krebs cycle the acetyl CoA molecules is attached to what?

Back 23

a four carbon compound called oxaloacetic acid (OAA)

Front 24

when an acetyle CoA molecules is attached to oxaloacetic acid (OAA), what does it form?

Back 24

citric acid, six carbon compound

Front 25

When enxymes break down citric acid in the Krebs cycle what does it produce along the way? and how much?

Back 25

two CO2 moelucles

Front 26

In the Krebs cycle for each acetyl CoA that enters, what and how much is produced?

Back 26

two CO2s, three NADHs and one FADH2

Front 27

In the Krebs Cycle, for the one glucose that produced two pyruvates you can a total of what?

Back 27

four CO2s, six NADH, two FADH2 and two ATP

Front 28

What's the first molecule of ETC?

Back 28

flavin mononuceotide FMN

Front 29

what sthe final electron acceptor fo the ETC that passes electrons to the final electron acceptor?

Back 29

Oxygen

Front 30

A second ATP generating process that uses chemiosmosis is called?

Back 30

oxidative phophorylastion

Front 31

the coupling of the exergonic electron flow down the ETC to endergonic ATP production by the creation of aproton is called?

Back 31

chemiosmosis

Front 32

Chemiosmois occurs where?

Back 32

inner mitochondiral membrane

Front 33

When something is phosphorylated it becomes more......

Back 33

Reactive

Front 34

In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into ...

Back 34

Two pyruvates

Front 35

How much ATP is made per glucose?

Back 35

2

Front 36

In the krebs cycle each pyruvate is shuttled into.......and loses.....

Back 36

Mitochondrial matrix and one CO2 molecule

Front 37

In the kerns cycle, how many NAD is reduced to NADH per pyruvate

Back 37

One

Front 38

Acetyl CoA is formed by...

Back 38

Attaching a coenzyme A to the remains of a pyruvate

Front 39

What must the pyruvates be one before entering krebs cycle?

Back 39

Acetyl CoA

Front 40

How is citric acid formed?

Back 40

Acetyl CoA is attached to OAA and CoA is removed

Front 41

Overall aerobic respiration formed a net of how much ATP per glucose

Back 41

36 to 38

Front 42

Glycolysis produced ____ ATP
Krebs produced _____ ATP
oxidative phosphorylation ____ATP

Back 42

2,2,32 or 34

Front 43

Another word for anaerobic respiration is......

Back 43

Fermentation

Front 44

Fermentation occurs without.......

Back 44

Oxygen

Front 45

All of the anaerobic pathways produce how much ATP

Back 45

1-4 ATP per glucose

Front 46

Fermentation tacked on to the end of ....... Is needed to recycle the cell's NADH

Back 46

Glycolysis