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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fermentation
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-energy-yielding metabolic pathway in which carbohydrates are anaerobically broken down into simpler components; includes glycolysis and is widely occurring in yeast and bacteria
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Purpose of Carbohydrates
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-fast energy -short term |
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Purpose of Lipids
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-long term energy -insulation -protection |
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Purpose of Proteins
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-building blocks for body -growth and developement |
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Purpose of Nucleic Acids
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-inheritance
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Examples of Carbohydrates
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Saccharides -sucrose -frucose -starch -cellulose |
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Examples of Lipids
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saturated/ unsaturated fats -fats -oils -steroid hormones -waxes -phospholipids |
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Examples of Proteins
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Amino acids -amino acid -Keratin->hair and nails -collagen->skin -hemoglobin->blood |
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Examples of Nucleic Acids
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-DNA -RNA |
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Polymers
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-chaining of smaller units together
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Monomers
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-single unit
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What are the four types of nucleotides?
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TCAG -Thymine -Cytosine -Adenine -Granine |
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Dehydration
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-together
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Hydrolosis
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-apart
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Catalyst
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-speeds up reactions
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What is the purpose of lipase?
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-break down fat
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Name the enzyme found in your saliva.
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-amalayse
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Three Parts of the Small Intestine
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-duodenum -jejenum -ileum |
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Three Parts of the Large Intestine
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-ascending -descending -transverse |
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Purpose of the Nasal Cavity
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-to clean, heat and moisten air
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What does the Liver Produce?
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-bile |
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How do internal and external respiration differ?
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internal-blood and tissues switching nutrients external-blood and air switching gases |
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What connects the lung to the chest cavity?
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-pleural membrane
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What disease causes the alveoli to fill up with fluid?
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-phemonia
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Purpose of Pepsin
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-break down proteins
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Purpose of amylase
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-break down food in mouth -breaks down starches |
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Purpose of Bile
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-emulsifies fats
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Purpose of Bacteria
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-digestion --> breaking down food in descending colon before it moves to the rectum
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What blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
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- veins |
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What blood vessel carries blood from the heart to the body?
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-artery
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Lymph
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-fluid of the lymphatic system
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What is hypertrophy?
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-when muscles get bigger
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Aerobic
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-with oxygen
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Anaerobic
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-with out oxygen
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Entropy
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-the tendency for disorder to increase in a system
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Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
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-the matrix in the mitochondria
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Glucose and Fructose are examples of_______
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-saccharides
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What are the smallest blood vessels?
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-capillaries
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Cardiac muscle is found where?
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-in the heart
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Which organ has sphincters that relax to allow urine to drain from the bladder?
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-the bladder
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What does the digestive system do?
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-ingest foods -take in nutrients -dispose of waste |
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Inspriation
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-inhaling
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Expriation
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-exhaling
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Tidal Volume
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-inhaling and exhaling normally
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Inspiratory Reserve
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-more hair in
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Expiratory Reserve
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-more air out
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Vital Capasity
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-normal volume and reserves
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Plasma
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-fluid portion of blood
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Red Blood Cells
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-erythrocytes -specialized for oxygen transport -oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood depends on the amount of erythrocytes -cell has no nucleus- instead hemoglobin -releases oxygen through diffusion |
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What does hemoglobin do?
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-traps oxygen, and sometimes transports carbon dioxide
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When does Anemia occur?
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-occurs when there are too few red blood cells, or too little hemoglobin
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White Blood Cells
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-leucocytes -response to infection -can increase to fight infection -have nuclei and appear colourless -3 types: granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes |
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Granulocytes
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-neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils -found circulating blood -engulf and destroy foreign bodies -originate in red bone marrow |
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Monocytes
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-found circulating blood -engulf and destroy foreign bodies -can leave the blood stream -originate in red bone marrow |
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Lymphocytes
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-produce proteins (antibodies)
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Platelets
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-fragments of cell that form when bone marrow breaks -no nucleus and break down quickly in the blood -clotting blood after injury |
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Function of blood
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-transport materials -homeostatic regulation |
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Vasodilation
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-release heat -vessels dilate to increase blood flow |
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Vasoconstriction
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-conserve heat -vessels constrict |
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Who lives in a pineapple under the sea?
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-SPONGE BOB SQUARE PANTS!!
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