Bio: Exam #1

Front 1

Steps of the Scientific Method
(6 Things)

Back 1

1. Observation
2. Question
3. Hypothesis
4. Prediction
5. Experiment
6. Conclusion

Front 2

Levels of Organization in Biology
(7 Things)

Back 2

Cell... Tissues... Organs... Organisms... Population... Community... EcoSystems

Front 3

Why study Biology?
(4 Things)

Back 3

1. Helps to understand body
2. Informs the citizens
3. Can open careers
4. Appreciate the World

Front 4

Main Characteristics of Living Things
(5 Things)

Back 4

1. Both complex and organized
2. Grow and Reproduce
3. Respond to Stimuli
4. Acquire and use material energy
5. Use DNA to store info

Front 5

Why is water so important to life on Earth?
(4 Things)

Back 5

1. Interacts w/ many other things (molecules).
2. Many molecules dissolve easily in water
3. Molecules tend to stick together
4. Can form ions; PH scale: acids (-) and bases (+)

Front 6

Conditions life requires
(4 Things)

Back 6

1. Energy
2. Nutrients
3. Adequate Temperatures
4. Liquid Water

Front 7

Importance of Macronutrients and list that are most important to life.

Back 7

Required by organisms in large quantities.

C,H.O.N.P.S,Ca

Front 8

What is Biodiversity?

Back 8

Diversity of living organisms; Measured as the variety of different species/genes/community interactions in an ecosystem.

Front 9

Functional Molecular Group Symbols
1. Phosphate
2. Hydrogen
3. Hydroxyl
4. Carboxyl
5. Methyl
6. Amino

Back 9

1. H2PO4
2. H+
3. OH-
4. COOH
5. CH3
6. NH2

Front 10

Functions of Carbohydrate

Back 10

*Energy storage and use. *Structural
* Carbon skeleton and can from rings

Front 11

Functions of Lipids

Back 11

* Long term Energy Storage
* Component of cell membrane
* Fatty Acid
* Water Proof Coverings (Wax)
* Hormones
* Made up of glycerol and fatty acids

Front 12

Functions of Proteins

Back 12

* O2 transport in blood
* Movements of materials in and out of cells
* Keratin, Silk, Hemoglobin, Enzymes
* Made of H,C,O

Front 13

Functions of Nucleic Acids

Back 13

* Genetic Material of all living cells
* Intracellular Messenger
* Essential in the transfer of genetic info
* Short term energy carrier molecule in cells
* Made of P,H,OH

Front 14

Generic Chemical Reaction

Back 14

A+B [Reactants] -> C+D [Products]

Ex: H20 -> H+ + OH-

Front 15

Prairie Food Chain

Back 15

Wolf -> Bird -> Grasshopper -> Grass

Front 16

Major Reservoir for the nutrient cycles:

1. Nitrogen
2. Carbon
3. Phosphorus
4. Hydrological

Back 16

1. Atmosphere
2. Atmosphere
3. Rocks
4. Oceans

Front 17

Energy Pyramid

Back 17

1 (Top). Top Predators
2. Secondary Consumers
3. Primary Consumers
4. Producers

*10% energy loss going up

Front 18

How does Energy flow through ecosystem?
(5 Steps)

Back 18

*ONE WAY FLOW*
1. Enters through photosynthesis
2. Captured by producers
3. Passed from one trophic level to another
4. Feeding relationship from chains and webs
5. Detritus feeders and decomposers release nutrients for reuse

Sun - Photosynthesis - Producers - Consumers (and Decomposers) Consumers - Decomposers

Front 19

Community

Back 19

12. All the interacting populations within an ecosystem

Front 20

Ecosystem

Back 20

14. All the organism that eats other organisms; a heterotroph

Front 21

Succession

Back 21

18. Structural changes in a community over time

Front 22

Warning Coloration

Back 22

16. Bright colors than warn others of danger

Front 23

Niche

Back 23

3. The unique place in the world occupied by a species

Front 24

Resource Partioning

Back 24

4. The coexistence of 2 species with similar requirements

Front 25

Organs

Back 25

11. A structure (stomach, liver, kidney) composed of 2 or more distinct tissue types that function together

Front 26

Producers

Back 26

10. A photosynthetic organism; an autotroph

Front 27

Consumers

Back 27

13. An organism that eats other organisms; a heterotroph

Front 28

Population

Back 28

8. All the members of a particular species within an ecosystem, breeding

Front 29

Nutrients

Back 29

1. Substance acquired from the environment needed for survival, growth, and development of an organism.

Front 30

Species

Back 30

2. A group of closely related, INTERBREEDING individuals

Front 31

Cell

Back 31

9. The smallest unit of life

Front 32

Tissues

Back 32

7. A group of cells that carry out a specific function (ex: muscle)

Front 33

Energy Pyramid

Back 33

17. Illustrate energy transfer between different trophic levels

Front 34

Nutrient Cycle

Back 34

5. Pathways that substances follow as they move through communities

Front 35

Atom

Back 35

6. Smallest form of matter

Front 36

Molecule

Back 36

15. Two or more atoms combined together

(Carb,Proteins,Lipids,Nucleic Acids, Phosphate, Carboxyl, Hydrogen, Methyl, Hydroxyl, Amino)

Front 37

Parasitism

Back 37

10. A symbiotic relationship where one organism feeds on another

Front 38

Trophic Level

Back 38

14. "Feeding Level" The position of an organism in a food chain, defined by an organism's source of energy (pyramid)

Front 39

Food Chain

Back 39

16. A linear feeding relationship in a community

Front 40

Camouflage

Back 40

Coloration or shape that helps an organism become inconspicuous in its environment.

Front 41

Rain Shadow

Back 41

9. A local dry area created by the effect on rain patterns by a large mountain range

Front 42

Food Web

Back 42

15. Interacting food chains that demonstrate complex feeding relationships

Front 43

Decomposers

Back 43

3. An organism (fungus or bacteria) that digest organic material and liberating nutrients into the environment

Front 44

Fossil Fuels

Back 44

12. A fuel, such as coal, oil, & natural gas made from the remains of ancient organisms.

Front 45

Biomes

Back 45

6. A terrestrial ecosystem that occupies an extensive geographical area and is characterized by a specific type of plant community

Front 46

Covalent Bonds

Back 46

2. A chemical bond between atoms in which electrons are shared; a strong bond in many biological molecules

Front 47

Ozone Layer

Back 47

1. The layer of the upper atmosphere that filters out some of the sun's harmful UV

Front 48

Interspecific Competiton

Back 48

5. Competition among individuals of different species

Front 49

Weather

Back 49

11. Short-term fluctuations in temperature, humidity, cloud, wind, and temperature in a region over periods of hours and days

Front 50

Climate

Back 50

4. Patterns of weather that prevail over many years and even centuries in a given region

Front 51

Symbiosis

Back 51

7. A close interaction between organisms of different species over an extended period; may benefit, harm one or both species.

Front 52

Mutualism

Back 52

13. A symbiotic relationship where both participating species benefit

Front 53

Cell Wall

Back 53

5. Protects, supports cell

Front 54

Lysosomes

Back 54

6. (Both)
*Contain digestive enzymes

Front 55

Central Vacuole

Back 55

7. Contains water and wastes

Front 56

Nucleus

Back 56

8. (Both)
*Membrane-bound container for chromosomes.
*Usually cell's largest organelle

Front 57

Chloroplasts

Back 57

9. (Plants Only)
*Perform photosynthesis

Front 58

Ribosomes

Back 58

1. (Both)
*Provide site for protein synthesis

Front 59

Golgi Complex

Back 59

2. (Both)
*Modifies and packages proteins and lipids; synthesizes carbohydrates

Front 60

Mitochondria

Back 60

3. (Both)
*Produce energy by aerobic metabolism

Front 61

Plasma Membrane

Back 61

4. (Both)
*Reg Movement of materials in/out cell
*Isolates cell from environment

Front 62

Diffusion

Back 62

The movement of molecules down a gradient from high concentration to low concentration

Front 63

Osmosis

Back 63

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Front 64

Endocytosis

Back 64

INTO CELLS

Front 65

Exocytosis

Back 65

OUT CELLS

Front 66

Features shared by cells
(5 Things)

Back 66

1. Enclosed by a plasma membrane
2. Use DNA as a hereditary blueprint
3. Contain cytoplasm
4. Obtain energy and nutrients
5. Cell Function

Front 67

Prokaryotic

Back 67

*Simple
*Small
*No Membrane
*Single Cells
(Bacteria)

Front 68

Eukaryotic

Back 68

*Membrane bound DNA and Organelles
* Larger and more complex
(Protists... Protoss)

Front 69

4 Main types of biological

Back 69

1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids

Front 70

Ratio of C,H, and O in Carbohydrates

Back 70

1:2:1

Front 71

Cytoskleton

Back 71

(Both)
*Gives shape and support to Cells
*Positions and moves cell parts

Front 72

Cytoplasm

Back 72

(Both)
*Fills cell with Jelly-like except nucleus

Front 73

Vacuole

Back 73

(Plant Only)
*Water and waste storage
*Provides support for the plant cell

Front 74

Element

Back 74

Substance that cannot be broken down or converted to a simpler substance by ordinary chemicals

(C,H,O,N,P,S,Ca)

Front 75

Global Warming

Back 75

Gradual Rise in Earth's temperature as a result of the greenhouse effect caused by humans.

Front 76

Greenhouse Effect

Back 76

The process in which Carbon Dioxide and Methane traps sunlight energy in the atmosphere as heat.

Front 77

Atmosphere

Back 77

Air

Front 78

Hydrosphere

Back 78

Water

Front 79

Lithosphere

Back 79

Land/Rock

Front 80

Hydrological Cycle

Back 80

Precipitation > Run-Off > Evaporation > Condensation > Precipitation