Bio Chapter 9

Front 1

During aerobic respiration, what directly donates electrons to complex II

Back 1

FADH2

Front 2

What are the inputs of glycolysis

Back 2

Glucose, ADP, and NAD+

Front 3

What are the outputs of glycolysis

Back 3

Pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

Front 4

What are the inputs of Acetyl CoA formation

Back 4

pyruvate, NAD+, coenzyme A

Front 5

What are the outputs of Acetyl CoA formation

Back 5

CO2, acetyl CoA, NADH

Front 6

What are the inputs of the citric acid cycle

Back 6

acetyl CoA, NAD+, ADP

Front 7

What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle

Back 7

coenzyme A, CO2, NADH, ATP

Front 8

What are the inputs of oxidative phosphorylation

Back 8

NADH, O2, ADP

Front 9

What are the outputs of oxidative phosphorylation

Back 9

NAD+, ATP, H2O

Front 10

Where does glycolysis take place

Back 10

cytosol

Front 11

where does acetyl CoA formation take place

Back 11

Mitochondrial matrix

Front 12

where does the citric acid cycle take place

Back 12

Mitochondrial matrix

Front 13

Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place

Back 13

inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 14

What process occurs in Box A

Back 14

Glycolysis

Front 15

What process occurs within Box B

Back 15

the citric acid cycle

Front 16

What molecule is indicated by the letter D

Back 16

oxygen

Front 17

Which processes occur in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

Back 17

glycolysis and fermentation

Front 18

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule

Back 18

glycolysis

Front 19

What process occurs in structure H

Back 19

photosynthesis

Front 20

What molecules belong in space A and B

Back 20

glucose and oxygen

Front 21

What organelle is indicated by the letter C

Back 21

mitochondrion

Front 22

What molecules belong in spaces E and F

Back 22

carbon dioxide and water

Front 23

In mitochondrial electron transport, what is the direct role of O2

Back 23

to function as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Front 24

How would anaerobic conditions affect the rate of electron transport and ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation

Back 24

Both electron transport and ATP synthesis would stop

Front 25

NADH and FADH2 are both electron carriers that donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. The electrons ultimately reduce O2 to water in the final step of electron transport. However, the amount of ATP made by electrons from an NADH molecule is greater than the amount made by electrons from an FADH2 molecule

Back 25

Fewer protons are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane when FADH2 is the electron donor than when NADH is the electron donor

Front 26

In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced

Back 26

Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced

Front 27

How do cellular respiration and breathing differ

Back 27

cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level

Front 28

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

Back 28

the citric acid cycle

Front 29

Which molecule is metabolized in a cell to produce energy for performing work

Back 29

Glucose

Front 30

True or false? The potential energy in an ATP molecule is derived mainly from its three phosphate groups

Back 30

True

Front 31

Which step of the cellular respiration pathway can take place in the absence of oxygen

Back 31

Glycolysis

Front 32

Into which molecule are all the carbon atoms in glucose ultimately incorporated during cellular respiration

Back 32

Carbon dioxide

Front 33

Which stage of glucose metabolism produces the most ATP

Back 33

Electron transport and chemiosmosis

Front 34

True or false? The reactions that generate the largest amounts of ATP during cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria

Back 34

True

Front 35

The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in which compound

Back 35

Water

Front 36

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve

Back 36

It increases the surface for oxidative phosphorylation

Front 37

How many NADH are produced by glycolysis

Back 37

2

Front 38

In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by

Back 38

substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 39

In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation

Back 39

ATP

Front 40

How many ATP are produced by glycolysis

Back 40

2

Front 41

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, what changes occur

Back 41

The pH of the matrix increases

Front 42

In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis

Back 42

2

Front 43

Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons

Back 43

Electronegativity

Front 44

Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other

Back 44

Anion and cation

Front 45

What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride

Back 45

Ionic

Front 46

Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water

:2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy

Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed

Back 46

Hydrogen, polar

Front 47

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the

Back 47

H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase

Front 48

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?

Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

Back 48

pyruvate

Front 49

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved

Back 49

It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms

Front 50

How will a healthy individual’s ATP production change during an eight-hour fast

Back 50

The individual’s ATP production will not change significantly

Front 51

A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose

Back 51

It is stored in NADH and FADH2

Front 52

In cellular respiration, a series of molecules forming an electron transport chain alternately accepts and then donates electrons. What is the advantage of such an electron transport chain

Back 52

The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates

Front 53

In most cells, not all of the carbon compounds that participate in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are converted to carbon dioxide by cellular respiration. What happens to the carbon in these compounds that does not end up as CO2

Back 53

The carbon compounds are removed from these processes to serve as building blocks for other complex molecules

Front 54

In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by

Back 54

substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 55

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Back 55

oxygen

Front 56

When a compound donates (loses) electrons, that compound becomes

Back 56

Oxidized

Front 57

When a compound accepts (gains) electrons, that compound becomes

Back 57

reduced

Front 58

In glycolysis, the carbon-containing compound that functions as the electron donor is

Back 58

glucose

Front 59

Once the electron donor in glycolysis gives up its electrons, it is oxidized to a compound called

Back 59

pryruvate

Front 60

the compound that functions as the electron acceptor in glycolysis is

Back 60

NAD+

Front 61

The reduced form of the electron acceptor in glycolysis is

Back 61

NADH

Front 62

Among the products of glycolysis, which compounds contain energy that can be used by other biological reactions

Back 62

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH

Front 63

Under what conditions is lactate produced

Back 63

fermentation in human muscle

Front 64

Under what conditions is ethanol produced

Back 64

fermentation in yeast and bacteria

Front 65

Under what conditions is acetyl CoA

Back 65

aerobic oxidation

Front 66

What are the reactants of lactic acid fermentation

Back 66

NADH, pryuvate

Front 67

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation

Back 67

NAD+, lactate

Front 68

In muscle cells, fermentation produces

Back 68

lactate and NAD+

Front 69

In fermentation _____ is reduced and _____ is oxidized

Back 69

pyruvate, NADH

Front 70

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells

Back 70

mitochondrial intermembrane space