Ap Bio (Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration)

Front 1

catabolic pathways

Back 1

breaking down

Front 2

fermentation

Back 2

partial degeneration of sugar without oxygen.

Front 3

cellular respiration

Back 3

O2 consumed with organic fuel. mitochondria. creates ATP.

Front 4

Redox reactions

Back 4

oxidation-reduction reactions

Front 5

oxidation

Back 5

loss of electrons

Front 6

reduction

Back 6

addition of electrons

Front 7

reducing agent

Back 7

electron doner

Front 8

oxidizing agent

Back 8

electron acceptor.

Front 9

Glycolysis

Back 9

takes place in the cytosol and breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate acidcs. does not requre O2 and produces a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Front 10

Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle

Back 10

takes place in the mitochonrdial matrix and produces 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 as well as 2 ATP. the electrons are key in the ETC

Front 11

Oxidative Phosphorilation

Back 11

redox reaction in the Krebs Cycle that creates ATP.

Front 12

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Back 12

enzymes transfer a phosphate group from substrate to ATP in the Krebs Cycle.

Front 13

Acetyl CoA

Back 13

enzyme with carboxyl group that gives off CO2 as it is oxidized. pyruvate becomes _____.

Front 14

Actate

Back 14

when the remaining carbon in the Krebs cycle is oxidized. NADH takes one H ion.

Front 15

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Back 15

other name for Krebs cycle.

Front 16

Citrate

Back 16

a stage in the Krebs cycle. an important molecule in the steps.

Front 17

anarobic

Back 17

cellular respiration without use of mitochondria and using lactic acid fermentation. produces 4-6 ATP.

Front 18

Energy Investment Phase

Back 18

in Glycolysis, where ATP is invested to get the cycle going.

Front 19

Phosphofructokinase

Back 19

enzyme to get glycolysis over activation energy. this enzyme regulates the rate of this reaction.

Front 20

Isomerase

Back 20

changes into G3P and also regulates glycolysis reactions.

Front 21

G3P

Back 21

Glyceraldahyde 3 Phospate

Front 22

1 mole of glucose equals. . . .

Back 22

38 ATP

Front 23

Oxyloacitate

Back 23

a four carbon molecule which, when joined with Acetyl CoA turns into Citrate. Krebs Cycle.

Front 24

Citrate

Back 24

a 6 carbon molecule in the Kreb Cycle that is broken down and releases 2 carbons to go back to being oxyloacitate. also releases 6NADH and 2 FADH2

Front 25

Proton gradient

Back 25

causes H+ ions to diffuse across ATP synthase. are pulled out of the mitochondrial matrix into the inner membrane space using active transport.

Front 26

Chemioosmosis

Back 26

when H+ ions go down their proton gradient through ATP synthase. produces ATP.

Front 27

Uloiquinone (COQ10)

Back 27

the lower protein a which FADH2 is deposited.

Front 28

Cytochrome

Back 28

the protein at which the NADH deposits the first electron to begin the chain.

Front 29

"highly conserved process"

Back 29

a process that is not very mutated such as Cytochrome C which is a universal protein which is an evolutionary constant. along with Hemoglobin is used to argue when evolution has happened.

Front 30

Alcoholic Fermentation

Back 30

releases CO2 in bubbles and goes from 2 acetaldehydes to gain an electron to become Ethanol.

Front 31

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Back 31

only uses NADH to take an electron to become Lactate.