Bio Chapter 10

Front 1

The overall function of the Calvin cycle is

Back 1

making sugar

Front 2

One of the compounds that is a direct output of the Calvin cycle is

Back 2

G3P

Front 3

Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to

Back 3

RuBP

Front 4

After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it receives energized electrons from

Back 4

NADPH

Front 5

How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose

Back 5

6

Front 6

In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules

Back 6

3

Front 7

In photosynthesis, an H+ ion gradient forms across the

Back 7

thylakoid membrane

Front 8

What compound of a photosystem is the dominant light-capturing pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy

Back 8

chlorophyll a

Front 9

The ultimate energy source that supports most life on Earth is

Back 9

sunlight

Front 10

Within the inner membrane of a chloroplast, interconnected sacs of membrane called ________ are suspended in a thick fluid called the ________

Back 10

thylakoids, stroma

Front 11

Which of the following is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis

Back 11

O2

Front 12

Plants are photosynthetic autotrophs. What does this mean

Back 12

They use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic molecules

Front 13

The Calvin cycle is sometimes called the "dark reactions." Could it take place if a plant were grown in the dark continuously

Back 13

No, because sunlight is needed to split water to provide NADPH

Front 14

Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis

Back 14

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Front 15

In which organelle does photosynthesis take place

Back 15

Chloroplast

Front 16

What connects the two photosystems in the light reactions

Back 16

An electron transport chain

Front 17

What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle

Back 17

ATP and NADPH

Front 18

What provides electrons for the light reactions

Back 18

H2O

Front 19

What provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle

Back 19

CO2

Front 20

What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle

Back 20

NADPH

Front 21

The light reactions take place in the _________ and the Calvin cycle takes place in the _________

Back 21

thylakoids, stroma

Front 22

What is the function of stomata

Back 22

gas exchange

Front 23

When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by other electrons obtained by

Back 23

splitting water

Front 24

If you provided your shade-tolerant plants with their preferred wavelength of light, but only minimal amounts of water, what would you expect to occur

Back 24

decreased amounts of ATP being produced by the plants

Front 25

The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ________ to make ________

Back 25

CO2, ATP, and NADPH... sugar

Front 26

The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are

Back 26

ATP and NADPH

Front 27

As a consequence of the work of the biologist Theodor Engelmann, others showed that chloroplasts absorb light mainly in the __________ and __________ part of the spectrum

Back 27

blue violet, red orange

Front 28

ATP synthesis in both chloroplasts and mitochondria involves the process called

Back 28

chemiosmosis

Front 29

In both cellular respiration and photosynthesis, an ___________ built into a membrane pumps H+across the membrane as electrons are passed from one electron carrier to the next in a series of redox reactions.

Back 29

electron transport chain

Front 30

In respiration, the electrons come from the oxidation of organic molecules, and _______ is the final electron acceptor

Back 30

oxygen

Front 31

In photosynthesis, the electrons come from water and end up in

Back 31

NADPH

Front 32

In photosynthesis, ________ drives electrons from a low-energy state to a high-energy state.

Back 32

light energy

Front 33

In both respiration and photosynthesis, the potential energy of an _________gradient is tapped to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. As H+ diffuses back through _________(an enzyme complex embedded in the membrane), ATP is produced.

Back 33

H+ concentration gradient, ATP synthase

Front 34

Where are photosystems located

Back 34

thylakoid membrane

Front 35

What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast

Back 35

thylakoids

Front 36

When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ________ state

Back 36

excited

Front 37

The last stage of one complete turn of the Calvin cycle involves

Back 37

regeneration of RuBP

Front 38

The first step of the Calvin cycle is the incorporation of ________ into ________

Back 38

CO2, RuBP

Front 39

What are the inputs of photosynthesis

Back 39

CO2, H2O, light

Front 40

What are the outputs of photosynthesis

Back 40

glucose, O2, ATP

Front 41

One of the important waste products of photosynthesis is oxygen gas. Where does this oxygen gas come from

Back 41

Oxygen is released when water is broken down to extract electrons and protons for use in the light reactions

Front 42

The light reactions produce

Back 42

oxygen, NADPH, and ATP

Front 43

The thylakoid membranes bring together the components necessary to carry out the

Back 43

light reactions

Front 44

Incoming photons of light energy initiate photosynthesis by

Back 44

exciting electrons in pigment molecules within the photosystems, raising them to a higher energy level

Front 45

what is the equation for the calvin cycle

Back 45

ATP + NADPH + 3CO 2 → G3P

Front 46

If the interior of the thylakoid were not a sealed compartment

Back 46

The proton gradient could not be maintained

Front 47

What are grana?

Back 47

stacks of membranous sacs

Front 48

What is the source of electrons for the light reactions

Back 48

H2O

Front 49

The __________ the wavelength of light, the __________ the energy of a photon

Back 49

shorter, greater

Front 50

Where does the Calvin cycle occur

Back 50

Stroma

Front 51

The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____

Back 51

water ... NADPH

Front 52

In the electromagnetic spectrum, the type of radiation that we call visible light occurs between

Back 52

UV radiation and infrared radiation

Front 53

You obtain the pigments called carotenoids in your diet when you eat carrots. Why do carotenoids appear yellow and orange

Back 53

They absorb blue/green light and reflect yellow and red wavelengths of light.

Front 54

Photosynthetic membranes are found in

Back 54

Photosynthetic membranes are found in

Front 55

The thick fluid inside the chloroplast is where many of the reactions of photosynthesis take place. This fluid is called the

Back 55

stroma

Front 56

One of the single pancake-like discs in the chloroplast is called a

Back 56

thylakoid

Front 57

One of the "stacks of pancakes" is called a

Back 57

granum

Front 58

The reason the chloroplast is green is because of the pigment _________, which is the light-absorbing molecule of this organelle.

Back 58

chlorophyll

Front 59

The gases needed as inputs for photosynthesis enter the plant through small pores called

Back 59

stoma

Front 60

True or false. Guard cells open during the day to allow gases to flow through the stomata

Back 60

True

Front 61

The shorter the wavelength of visible light, the

Back 61

greater the energy

Front 62

What structure phosphorylates ADP

Back 62

ATP synthase

Front 63

_____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e-

Back 63

Photosystem 2

Front 64

_____ releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment

Back 64

The electron transport chain

Front 65

Energized electrons from ____ enter an electron transport chain and are then used to reduce NADP+

Back 65

photosystem 1

Front 66

The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is

Back 66

the wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object

Front 67

In photosynthesis, redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ________ to ________

Back 67

H2O... CO2