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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gene
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the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein
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Chromosome
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in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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Chromatin
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the substance that composes eukaryotic chromosomes; it consists of specific proteins, DNA, and small amounts of RNA
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Nucleosome
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a eukaryotic structural unit of chromatin that consists of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins
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Chromatid
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one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
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Centromere
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the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
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Cell Cycle
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the life cycle of a cell
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Interphase
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the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division
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Mitosis
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in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
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Cytokinesis
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the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
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Spindle
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a network of microtubules that forms during mitosis and moves chromatids to the poles
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Centrosome
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an organelle that contains the centrioles and is the center of dynamic activity in mitosis
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Cancer
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a type of disorder of cell growth that results in invasion and destruction of surrounding healthy tissue by abnormal cells
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Tumor
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a growth that arises from normal tissue but that grows abnormally in rate and structure and lacks a function
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