Bio Chapter 1 - Introduction To Biology

Front 1

What is Biology?

Back 1

the science of life.

Front 2

Four Core Themes [of Life]

Back 2

1. Exhibit cellular organization.

2. Exhibit a mechanism for heredity (DNA).

3. Exhibit adaptions to produce unique features as a result of evolution.

4. Conserve key features during evolution.

Front 3

Atoms

Back 3

the smallest units of matter which cannot be divided by normal chemical and physical means.

Front 4

Molecules

Back 4

two or more atoms joined together.

Front 5

Organelles

Back 5

specialized structure in the cytoplasm of cells that provide essential cell functions.

Front 6

Cells

Back 6

smallest units of life.

Front 7

Tissues

Back 7

groups of similar cells working together to provide a specific function.

Front 8

Organs

Back 8

layers of different tissue types working together to provide a specific function.

Front 9

Organ-Systems

Back 9

different organs working together to accomplish a common goal.

Front 10

Organism

Back 10

a complete living thing.

Front 11

Species

Back 11

groups of similar organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Front 12

Population

Back 12

all of the different species living in the same location.

Front 13

Community

Back 13

all of the different populations [of species] living in the same location.

Front 14

Ecosystem

Back 14

interactions of the community with the physical (abiotic) environment.

Front 15

Biosphere

Back 15

all regions above, on, and below earth's surface where organisms live.

Front 16

Homeostasis

Back 16

maintenance of a relatively stable environment no matter what is going on outside.

Front 17

Metabolism

Back 17

all of the chemical reactions occurring in the body necessary to sustain life.

Front 18

Growth

Back 18

increase in the number of cells or the size of the organism.

Front 19

Development

Back 19

changes in the state of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. Results in organisms with a defined set of characteristics.

Front 20

Reproduction

Back 20

necessary for the propagation of a species.

Front 21

Evolve/Evolution

Back 21

changes in allele frequencies in populations of organisms over time. May result in adaption to the environment.

Front 22

Respond to Stimuli

Back 22

organisms respond to environmental changes.

Front 23

Taxonomy

Back 23

the grouping of species.

Front 24

3 Domains of Life

Back 24

1. Bacteria (prokaryotic)

2. Archaea (prokaryotic)

3. Eukarya (eukaryotic)

Front 25

Properties of Bacteria

Back 25

1. Prokaryotic

2. Most primitive organisms on Earth.

3. Mostly unicellular prokaryotes.

Front 26

Properties of Archae

Back 26

1. Prokaryotic

2. Unicellular Prokaryotes

3. Many live in extreme environments (extremophiles)

Front 27

Eukarya

Back 27

1. Has DNA enclosed within a nucleus.

2. Larger cells.

3. Have membrane-bound organelles.

Front 28

Taxonomy

Back 28

1. Domain - most inclusive and diverse

2. Kingdom

3. Phylum

4. Class

5. Order

6. Genus

7. Species - most exclusive

Front 29

Science

Back 29

the observation, identification, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena.

Front 30

Taxons

Back 30

groups that new species are placed into.

Front 31

Deductive Reasoning

Back 31

Type of logic where one goes from a general statement to a specific conclusion.

Front 32

Inductive Reasoning

Back 32

involves going from a series of specific cases to a general statement.

Front 33

Hypothesis

Back 33

scientifically plausible explanation for your observation. MUST BE TESTABLE.

Front 34

Parts of the Scientific Method

Back 34

1. Observation

2. Question

3. Literature Search

4. Hypothesis

5. Make Predictions

6. Experimentation

7. Collect Data

8. Conclusions

9. Theory

10. Paradigm

Front 35

Discovery-Based Science

Back 35

gathering information for the sake of gathering it. Often leads to hypothesis.

Front 36

Changes in the _______ affect the _______.

Back 36

genome; proteome

Front 37

Genome

Back 37

the complete genetic composition of an organism or species.

Front 38

Genomics

Back 38

technology/techniques that provide the ability to analyze the DNA sequence of genomes.

Front 39

Proteomes

Back 39

the complete protein composition of cells or organisms. Encoded by the genome.

Front 40

Proteomics

Back 40

techniques used to analyze the proteome of a single species.