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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 11 divisions of life?
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Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, populations, organisms, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, and atoms
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What is the biosphere?
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It is all environments on inhabited by life
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What is the ecosystem?
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It is all living things in an area and the non-living environment
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what are communities?
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all organisms within an ecosystem
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What is a population?
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All individuals of a species living within a specific area
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what is an organism?
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it is an individual living thing
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what is an organ?
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a structure consisting of 2 or more types of tissues that carries out a function.
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what is tissues?
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A group of similar cells
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what are cells?
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the simplest collection of matter that can live
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what are organelles?
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a structure within the cell that carries out a specialized function.
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what is a molecule?
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it is a combination of atoms in defined proportions
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what is an atom?
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The smallest unit of an element
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What is reduction?
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breaking down complex objects to simple components.
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what is emergent properties?
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properties that occur in the complex object but not in its simple components
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what are the seven properties of life?
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order, evolutionary adaptaion, response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development. energy processing, and regulation.
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All cells ...
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have a membrane barrier, have distinct internal environments, and contain DNA.
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What does a plasma membrane do?
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Separates the cell from its surrounding
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What is Cytosol?
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a semi-fluid substance with a high solute concentration
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Why are cells small?
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the large surface area is needed to absorb nutrients and release waste
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What is Magnification?
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it is making an object seem bigger than it is
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What is resolution?
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distinguishing two points apart as separate objects
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What is contrast?
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it is distinguishing the objects from the background
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How does a light microscope works?
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1. light passes through the sample is absorbed by parts of the sample
2. An image is produced 3. which is magnified by lenses |
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What is the problem with light microscopes? and what is the solution?
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Problem: poor contrast since cells are for the most part clear in color, and it has limited resoultion.
solution: staining the cells and its organelles, needs a shorter wavelength |
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how does an electron microscope (EM) works?
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It uses a beam of electrons instead of light (smaller wavelingth). instead of lenses it uses electromagnets and computers are used to create the image
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What are the two types of EMs and how are they different?
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Transmission EM: the electrons pass through the sample and are detected to create a 2D image
Scanning EM: electrons bounce of the sample surface which creates a 3D image of the cell surface |
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What are the two main ideas in cell theory?
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all living things are made of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells by division
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What are the two main types of cells?
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Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells
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What are prokaryotic cells?
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They are single cells orgnisms that have no membrane-bound compartment, their DNA is found in the nucleiod , and they have a more diversie metabolism
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What are eukaryotic cells?
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They are cells that contain membrane-bound organelles, its DNA is contained in the nucleus, it has a unique internal environment, and caries out a specific function. they tend to be larger and more structurally complex than prokaryotes
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