Bio Chapter 1

Front 1

GRASPR?

Back 1

Growth and development
Response to stimuli
Adaptation
Self-regulated metabolism
Precise organization
Reproduction

Front 2

Biological Growth?

Back 2

An increase in the size of ind. cells of an organism, the number of cells, or both

Front 3

Development?

Back 3

Include all the changes that take place in an organisms life

Front 4

Metabolism?

Back 4

Sum total of all the chemical activities of the organism

Front 5

Homeostasis?

Back 5

A balanced internal environment
- Regulates the metabolic processes of an organism

Front 6

Stimuli?

Back 6

Physical or chemical changes in an organisms internal or external environment

Front 7

Cilia?

Back 7

Tiny hair like extensions
-Help with locomotion

Front 8

Flagella?

Back 8

Longer hair like extensions
-Help with locomotion

Front 9

Sessile?

Back 9

Organisms that dont move from place to place

Front 10

Asexual Reproduction?

Back 10

Self perpetuation of simple organisms where and ind. cell gives rise to 2 offspring by dividing itself

-Each is identical to the parent unless genetic mutation occurs

Front 11

Sexual Reproduction?

Back 11

The fusion of an egg and a sperm cell to form a fertilized egg

-Helps produce genetic variation

Front 12

Adaptations?

Back 12

Inherited characteristics that enhance an organisms ability to survive in a particular environment

Front 13

Reductionism?

Back 13

Learning about a structure by studying its parts

Front 14

Emergent Properties

Back 14

Characteristics not found on lower levels

-Populations contain emergent properties while ind. dont

-Population density, age structure, birth and death rates

Front 15

Atom

Back 15

Smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the characteristic properties of that element

-Atoms chemically combine to form molecules

Front 16

Molecule

Back 16

A combination of various atoms

Front 17

Cellular level

Back 17

atoms and molecules associate to form cells

-cells are the simplest component of living matter that can carry all the activities necessary for life

Front 18

Tissues

Back 18

Cells associate to make this

Front 19

Organs

Back 19

tissues associate to make this

Front 20

organ system

Back 20

organs associate to make this

Front 21

organism

Back 21

a collection of organ systems working with one another in a specific way

Front 22

population

Back 22

all the members of one species living in the same geographical location

Front 23

community

Back 23

the population of various types of organisms that inhabit a particular area and interact with one another

Front 24

ecosystem

Back 24

a community with its nonliving environment

Front 25

biosphere

Back 25

all of earths ecosystems together

-includes all living organisms, the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere

Front 26

atoms--molecules--cells--tissues--organs--organ systems--organisms

Back 26

describe the chain of biological organization

Front 27

population--community--ecosystem--biosphere

Back 27

describe the chain of ecological organization

Front 28

genes

Back 28

units of hereditary material

Front 29

nucleotides

Back 29

a sequence of chemical subunits

-4 types in DNA
-each sequence is of 3 is a part of the genetic code

Front 30

proteins

Back 30

large molecules important in determining the structure and function of cells and tissues

-cells uses these and other molecules to communicate

Front 31

hormones

Back 31

chemical compounds that signal other cells

Front 32

cell signaling

Back 32

the way in which chemical signals help regulate growth and metabolic processes

Front 33

neurotransmitters

Back 33

electrical impulses and chemical compounds that transmit information through the nervous system

-helps regulate life processes

Front 34

theory of evolution

Back 34

explains how populations of organisms have changed over time

-most important unifying concept of biology

Front 35

evolution

Back 35

the process by which populations of organisms change over time

Front 36

systematics

Back 36

field of bio that studies the diversity of organisms and their evolutionary relationships

Front 37

taxonomy

Back 37

the science of naming and classifying organisms

-based on various relations, common ancestry

Front 38

Species

Back 38

a group of organisms with similar structure, function, and behavior

-one or more populations whose members are capable of breeding with one another

Front 39

genus

Back 39

closely related species

Front 40

binomial system of nomenclature

Back 40

system in which each species is assigned a 2 part name

part 1: genus
Part 2: particular species belonging to that genus

Front 41

family

Back 41

related genera

Front 42

order

Back 42

grouped families

Front 43

class

Back 43

grouped orders

Front 44

phyla

Back 44

grouped classes

Front 45

kingdoms

Back 45

grouped phyla

Front 46

domains

Back 46

grouped kingdoms

Front 47

species--genus--family--order--class--phyla--kingdom--domain

Back 47

describe the chain of nomenclature

Front 48

3 domains, 6 kingdoms

Back 48

how many domains, how many kingdoms?

Front 49

tree of life

Back 49

a family tree showing the relationships amongst organisms that is based on molecular similarities

Front 50

1. bacteria
2 archaea
-both are composed of prokaryotic cells

3.eukarya
-eukaryotic cells

Back 50

what are the 3 domains and what do they represent?

Front 51

1.bacteria
2. archaea
-prokaryotic cells

3.protista
4.plantae
5. animalia
6.fungi
-eukaryotic cells

Back 51

what are the 6 kingdoms and what are they composed of?

Front 52

protista

Back 52

1. Protozoa
2. algae
3. water molds
4. slime molds

-unicellular or simple multicellular organisms

-some carry out photosynthesis

Front 53

plantae

Back 53

complex multicellular organisms adapted to carry out photosynthesis

characteristics:
1. cuticle
2.stomata
3. gametangia

includes both nonvascular and vascular plants

Front 54

fungi

Back 54

1. yeasts
2. mildews
3. molds
4. mushrooms

-do not perform photosynthesis
- obtain nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into food and then absorbing the predigested food

Front 55

animalia

Back 55

made up of multicellular organisms that eat other organisms for nutrition

-this group has evolved along with complex sense organs, nervous systems, and muscular systems

Front 56

natural selection

Back 56

based on 4 observations:

1. ind. members of a species show some variation from one another

2. organisms produce many more offspring that will survive to reproduce

3. organisms compete for necessary resources i.e. food, sunlight, and space. Ind with characteristics that enable them to obtain and use these resources are more likely to produce offspring

4. the survivors that reproduce pass their adaptations for survival on to their offspring

Front 57

mutations

Back 57

chemical or physical changes in DNA that can persist and be inherited

Front 58

gene pool

Back 58

all the genes present in a population

Front 59

cellular respiration

Back 59

a process that relates some of the energy stored in the nutrient molecules

-almost all cells carry out this function

Front 60

producers

Back 60

also known as autotrophs, are plants, algae, and certain bacteria that produce their own food from simple raw materials

Front 61

photosynthesis

Back 61

the process in which producers synthesize complex molecules from carbon dioxide and water

-most producers use this process to produce their food

Front 62

consumers

Back 62

also called heterotrophs, organism that depend on producers for food, energy, and oxygen

- all animals are this to some extent

Front 63

decomposers

Back 63

also heterotrophs, like consumers that obtain nutrients by breaking down nonliving organic material such as wastes, dead leaves, and dead bodies

-most bacteria and fungi

Front 64

1.observe
2.recognize a problem
3.develop a hypothesis
4.observe/perform experiments
5.collect data
6.interpret data
7.draw conclusions
8.peer-review

Back 64

what is the scientific method?

Front 65

deductive reasoning

Back 65

being with supplied information and draw conclusions based on that info.

-general principles--specific conclusions

Front 66

inductive reasoning

Back 66

specific observations--general conclusions

Front 67

unfalsifiable hypothesis

Back 67

cannot be proven false, cannot be scientifically investigated

Front 68

experimental group

Back 68

differs from the control group only with respect to the variable being studied

Front 69

systems biology

Back 69

a field that builds on info, adding large data sets generated by computers