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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the levels in the Hierarchy of Biological Organization? (12) |
1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Macromolecules 4. Organelles 5. Cells 6. Tissues 7. Organs and Organ Systems 8. Organisms 9. Populations 10. Communities 11. Ecosystems 12. The Biosphere |
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Cell Theory... •Main concepts? (2) •Who developed it? (2) |
1. •Cells are the universal building blocks of all living things. •All living things are formed from the division of existing cells.
2. Scleiden and Schwann. |
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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes cells... •What are the differences between them? (2) •Domains? •Which is usually larger? •Which is usually more complex? |
1. •Eukaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus while Prokaryotes do not. •Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles while Prokaryotes do not.
2. •Prokaryotes: Archaea & Bacteria. •Eukaryotes: Eukarya.
3. Eukaryotes.
4. Eukaryotes (compartmentalized). |
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What are the common features of all cells? (2) |
•All cells are have membranes. •All cells use DNA as their genetic information. |
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Kingdoms of Eukarya? Kingdoms of Prokarya? |
1. Plantae, Fungi, Protists, Animalia. 2. Too many. |
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What are emergent properties? |
Properties at a level of the biological hierarchy unseen at levels before it. |
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Gene |
DNA that codes for a polypeptide or a functional RNA. |
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What are Nucleotides? |
Base-pairs that make up DNA. |
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What is a genome? |
all the DNA in an organism, including DNA outside of the nucleus. |
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What is Bioinformatics? |
the processing of genetic information. |
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What are the types of Biological Work? (3) |
•Chemical Work. •Transport Work. •Mechanical Work. |
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The Genetic Code... •What is it? •Is it universal? |
1. dictates which codon corresponds to which amino acid.
2. the Genetic Code is nearly universal. |
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What is Genomics? |
the study of genomes. |
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What is the difference between a polypeptide and a protein? |
A protein is a polypeptide in a functional conformation (shape). |
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What are proteomes? What is proteomics? |
1. all of the proteins encoded in a genome. 2. the study of proteomes. |
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Nutrient Cycling? Energy Flow? |
1. nutrients cycle between living things and the physical environment. 2. Energy enters an ecosystem as light and leaves as heat. |
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What is Feedback Regulation? Positive Feedback? Negative Feedback? |
1. a product that regulates the process that made it. 2. a product that up-regulates the process that made it. 3. a product that down-regulates the process that made it. |
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What is Symbiosis? Mutualism? Parasitism? Commensalism? |
1. a relationship between two organisms of different species. 2. symbiosis where both organisms benefit. 3. symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. 4. symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. |
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What is Climate Change? |
1. a directional change to the global climate that lasts for 30 years or more. |
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How is there both unity and diversity in life? |
Unity: all life came from a common ancestor. Diversity: life has adapted to survive in different environments. |
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What is systematics? Taxonomy? How are scientific names written? |
1. the study of biodiversity in context of evolution. 2. the naming of classification of organisms. 3. Genus name then Species name (must be italicized). |
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What are the taxonomic groups? (8) |
1. Domain. 2. Kingdom. 3. Phylum. 4. Class. 5. Order. 6. Family. 7. Genus. 8. Species. |
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What are the two main tenets of Darwin's Theory of Evolution? |
1. There is heritable genetic variance within a species. 2. Natural selection allows only the genetic variants best suited to the environment to propagate. |
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What is data? Quantitative data? Qualitative Data? |
1. recorded observations. 2. data that can be converted to numbers. 3. data that cannot be converted to numbers. |
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What is inductive reasoning? Deductive reasoning? |
1. observations first, hypothesis second. 2. hypothesis first, observations second. |
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What is a hypothesis? A Theory? What is the difference between the two? |
1. an explanation based on data and inductive reasoning. 2. an explanation that is broader and more backed than a hypothesis. 3. Hypothesis can be made out of theories. |
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What is a model organism? |
a species that is easy to grow in a lab and well represents a number of species for the hypothesis in question. |
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What is the difference between Science and Technology? |
Science: information and explanations of natural phenomena. (acquired immunity) Technology: science applied to a purpose the affects society. (vaccines) |
