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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plasma membrane |
1. selective barrier for O2, nutrients and wastes 2.made of phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails) 3. has proteins embedded with glycoproteins attached to them |
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Fluid Mosaic Model |
plasma membrane is fluid structure with mosaic of proteins embedded in phospholipid bilayer |
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ampthipathic molecule |
has hydrophilic & hydrophobic regions
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unsaturated fatty acid vs saturated fatty acid |
UFA is more fluid |
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cholesterol vs fluidity |
warm; reduces fluidity by restraining phospholip movement
cool; maintain fluidity by prevent tight packing |
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transport proteins |
allow specific ions and polar molecules to pass through portions of the cell membrane; each only supports v specfc molec/atom |
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channel proteins |
have hydropilic channel that certain molecules/ ions use as a channel through membrane |
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aquaporins |
specific channel proteins for H2O
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carrier proteins |
hold onto molecules and change shapes so they are moved across membrane |
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Passive transport |
transport down concentration / electrochem gradient; req no energy
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Active Transport |
-req energy (ATP) and transport proteins - moves against concentration gradient |
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Examples of passive transport |
- facilitated diffusion* - osmosis - simple diffusion (CO2, O2) |
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examples of active transport |
- electrogenic pump (Na- K pump) - H+ (proton pump in plants) - contransport |
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cotransport |
protein couples with a solute to help the solute work its away against a concentration gradient |
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cell to cell recognition due to |
carbohydrates, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (branched chains, fewer than 15 sugar units), which allow cells to bond to other like cells, and act as markers for differentiating foreign from friendly cells |
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hypertonic |
more concentration of solute than in cell / vice versa |
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hypotonic |
less concentration of solute than in cell / vice versa |
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isotonic |
balance of solute in cell and surrounding environment, |
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best tonicity for plant and animal cells and why |
plant- hypotonic because they want to be turgid and full of extra water, which the cell wall can use to give more support; if they are hypertonic they die
animal- isotonic; if they are hypertonic they shrivel, if they are hypotonic they burst |
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Which is hyper/hypotonic: tap water vs sea water |
hypotonic, hypertonic |
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Which is Hyper/Hypotonic: human body, lake lanier |
hypotonic, hypertonic |
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Proton (H+) Pump |
electrogenic pump that transports H+ out of cells - in mitochondria (christae) and thylaloids (cholroplast)
- stores energy in ATP form |
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Exocytosis |
- cell secretes certain molecules by fusion of vesicles with plasma membrane - involves golgi body - 2 membranes come in contact, bilayers fuse and contents spill outside of cell - |
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Endocytosis |
- cell take in a macromolecule by forming a pocket that sinks inward into cell and pinches off - molecule now inside cell - 3 types
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types of endocytosis |
1. phagocytosis (eating) 2. pinocytosis (drinking) 3. receptor mediated cytosis
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phagocytosis |
engulfs particle by forming vacuole/vesicle |
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pinocytosis |
gulps extracellular fluid into vesicle |
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receptor mediated cytosis |
binds ligands* to receptor, triggers vesicle formation
*molecule that binds to specific receptor site of another molecule |
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metabolism |
- organic chemical rxns - emergent prop of life - rxn b/w molecules w/in a cell - supply and demand regulation |
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catabolic pathways |
- release energy by breaking down complex molec into simple compounds (decomposition) Ex- cellular respiration : breaks down glucose in presence of O2 |
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anabolic pathways |
- synthesis - consume catabolic pathway energy to make complex molecules from simple ones
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bioenergetics |
study of how organisms manage energy resource |
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laws of thermodynamics 1 & 2 |
1. Energy cannot be created/destroyed, only change form 2. Natural order of things is entropy/chaos/mixing |
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energy |
capacity to cause change |
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types of energy |
1. kinetic = motion 2. potential = position (or through bonds)
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ATP/ADP |
causes work by combining exergonic and energonic rxns
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types of cellular work (uses ATP/ADP) |
chemical transport mechanical |
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ADP vs ATP |
ADP = more stable ATP = more reactive, gives of energy |
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ATP-ADP Recycling |
phosphate group added to ADP >> ATP >> use ATP during anabolic process >> catabolic process makes more phosphophorylate for ADP >> repeat cycle |
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enzymes |
speed rxns, lower energy barrier |
