Bio Ch 4-8

Front 1

Preservatives such as citric acid are added to foods to interfere with bacterial growth. This creates an acidic pH in the food. Why does this affect the bacteria that are present?

Back 1

An acidic environment causes bacterial enzymes to denature.

Front 2

Carrier molecules in the plasma membrane are only required for active transport. True or False

Back 2

False

Front 3

What is the ultimate source of energy for most forms of life on Earth

Back 3

solar energy

Front 4

If red blood cells are taken from the body and placed in a hypertonic solution, what happens to the cells

Back 4

The cells shrivel up because water leaves the cells.

Front 5

Energy that is not converted to useful energy is usually given off as

Back 5

heat.

Front 6

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains

Back 6

enzymes.
organelles.
dissolved nutrients.
water.

Front 7

A "high-energy" bond in an ATP molecule is located between

Back 7

two phosphate groups.

Front 8

Which organelle does one expect to be most abundant in cardiac muscle cells

Back 8

mitochondria

Front 9

A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She obtained some organelles from the pellet in the test tube that took up CO2 and gave off O2. The organelles are most likely

Back 9

chloroplasts.

Front 10

Carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. What determines the rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell?

Back 10

the concentration of carbon dioxide on each side of the membrane

Front 11

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work. True or False

Back 11

True

Front 12

How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles

Back 12

Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.

Front 13

All of the following are components of the modern cell theory except

Back 13

Bacterial cells are eukaryotic.

Front 14

Beaker A has a 10% sucrose solution, and beaker B has an 8% sucrose solution

Back 14

Beaker B is hypotonic the Beaker A
Beaker A is hypertonic to Beaker B

Front 15

Which of the following types of membrane proteins are responsible for connecting cells to each other

Back 15

receptor proteins

Front 16

Cells that primarily produce steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, for export have large quantities of

Back 16

smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 17

The burning of sugar is an example of an endergonic reaction and photosynthesis is an example of an exergonic reaction. True or False?

Back 17

False

Front 18

In general, which of the following is largely responsible for moving substances across the plasma membrane, communicating with other cells and identifying the cell?

Back 18

proteins

Front 19

Protein channels that provide passage for hormones and nutrients between animal cells are termed

Back 19

gap junctions.

Front 20

Phospholipids...

Back 20

are found in cell membranes.

Front 21

During photosynthesis, plants convert light energy to chemical energy. This is an illustration of

Back 21

the first law of thermodynamics

Front 22

You fill a shallow tray with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the tray and a drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is TRUE at equilibrium?

Back 22

The red and green inks are both uniformly distributed throughout the tray.

Front 23

Why are enzymes important?

Back 23

allow reactions to occur at body temperature

Front 24

Drugs that inhibit microtubules will

Back 24

stop organelle movement.
inhibit cell division.
kill the cell.
prevent the formation of new cilia and flagella.

Front 25

The blood plasma of a man who drinks saltwater will become ________ to his red blood cells, whereas the red blood cells (after exposure to salt water) will be ________ to the blood plasma.

Back 25

hypertonic; hypotonic

Front 26

Active transport requires

Back 26

A. a gradient.
B. transport proteins.
C. ATP.
D. a membrane.

Front 27

Which process accounts for the movement of solids into some animal cells?

Back 27

phagocytosis

Front 28

Only eukaryotic cells obtain energy and nutrients from the environment. True or False?

Back 28

False

Front 29

Adhesion of animal tissues is accomplished by cell-to-cell junctions called

Back 29

desmosomes.

Front 30

Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst?

Back 30

enzyme

Front 31

Competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors differ with respect to

Back 31

the precise location on the enzyme to which they bind.

Front 32

Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed primarily of

Back 32

proteins

Front 33

What is the function of a plant cell vacuole

Back 33

support of the cell
storage of wastes

Front 34

Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of

Back 34

proteins.

Front 35

What structural feature of a leaf allows a leaf to obtain CO2 from the air

Back 35

stomata

Front 36

NADPH is synthesized during which of the following reactions

Back 36

during the light-dependent reactions only

Front 37

Where is glucose synthesized?

Back 37

stroma

Front 38

In C4 photosynthesis, where does the carbon come from to synthesize glucose

Back 38

enzymes

Front 39

The pigment(s) that absorb light energy to drive photosynthesis is/are

Back 39

carotenoids.
chlorophyll.

Front 40

During photosynthesis when is CO2 is utilized

Back 40

during the light-independent reactions only

Front 41

Glucose is made during which of the following reactions

Back 41

light-independent reactions only

Front 42

In the C3 cycle, where does the carbon come from to form glucose?

Back 42

from atmospheric CO2

Front 43

You are carrying out an experiment on an aquatic plant in your fish tank. You decide to expose the plant to varying wavelengths of light to determine which wavelength is best for the light dependent reactions. Which of the following products could you measure to determine what wavelength of light is optimum for the light dependent reactions

Back 43

oxygen bubbles

Front 44

What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis

Back 44

A. light intensity
B. temperature
C. water availability
D. CO2

Front 45

Chemiosmosis in mitochondria directly results in the synthesis of

Back 45

ATP.

Front 46

The cristae of the mitochondria can be compared functionally to the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast because both contain a system for

Back 46

electron transport.

Front 47

Why do you breathe more heavily during exercise

Back 47

because your cells are producing more CO2
because your cells need more O2

Front 48

After fermentation, lactic acid is converted to pyruvic acid in the

Back 48

muscles.

Front 49

In the first reaction of glycolysis, glucose receives a phosphate group from ATP. This reaction is

Back 49

endergonic.

Front 50

The products of the Krebs cycle include

Back 50

energy carriers.

Front 51

In human cells (muscle cells) the fermentation process produces

Back 51

lactic acid.

Front 52

Products of the fermentation process can include

Back 52

A. ethanol.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. lactic acid.

Front 53

Which of the following processes involve(s) citric acid

Back 53

Krebs cycle

Front 54

Where does the synthesis of pyruvic acid occur during glycolysis

Back 54

fluid portion of the cytoplasm