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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parts of circulatory system
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heart, blood vessels, blood
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all blood cells derived from __ cells in the __ bone marrow
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stem, red
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three ways in which the circulatory system helps maintain homeostasis of interstitual fluid
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supplies nutrients and oxygen, removes wastes and carbon dioxide, removes excess ions (salts), and water
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three functions of blood
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transportation, regulation of body temperature, defense against infections and disease
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percentage of body weight occupied by blood
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8%
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(normal) percentage of each blood component
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plasma - 55, RBCs - 44, WBCs - 1
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tube of blood in a centrifuge..
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RBCs sink to the bottom, platelets and WBCs lie on top in a thin white layer (buffy coat), and plasma at the top
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ninety percent of plasma is __, other ten percent is _ _ _ _ _ and _
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WATER; proteins, ions, hormones, gases, nutrients, wastes
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scientific name for RBCs WBCs platelets
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erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
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plasma proteins that maintain osmotic/water balance
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albumins
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plasma proteins that defend the body against infection and transport cholesterol
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globulins
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function of RBCs
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transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
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structure of RBCs
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small, flattened, biconcave disks
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protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen and gives red blood cells their red color is
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hemoglobin
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how are RBCs diff from most other cells in relation to cellular metabolism?
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they do not consume the oxygen they carry they just transport it
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structure of hemoglobin
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four polypeptide chains; each chain contains a heme group with an iron atom at the center
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part of hemoglobin that bonds with oxygen is
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iron
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hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the __ and releases it in the __
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lungs, body tissues
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heme binds with ___ and globin binds with ___
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oxygen, carbon dioxide
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percentage of blood consisting of red blood cells is the
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hematocrit
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hematocrit is
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a measure of the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. average is approx. 44%
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low hematocrit indicates
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anemia
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high hematocrit indicates
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increased RBCs production, possibly polycythemia or that it rose to compensate for low levels of oxygen in the air
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seven locations that contain red bone marrow and stem cells
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skull, ribs, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, epiphyses of long bones (esp. humerus, femur)
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life cycle of RBCs
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stem cells develop into erythroblasts which lose their nuclei and synthesize hemoglobin before they are released into the bloodstream as erythrocytes
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the accumulation of bilirubin in plasma that causes the skin to turn yellow; due to the liver not processing bilirubin properly
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jaundice
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the hormone that regulates RBC production and that is produced and released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen availability is
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erythropoietin
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the only WBCs that do not mature in the red bone marrow are ____ which mature in the ___
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T-lymphocytes; thymus
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dead or injured WBCs are removed by the __ and __
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liver, spleen
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production of WBCs is regulated by chemicals produced by WBCs themselves in response to invasion by ___ and ___
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viruses, bacteria
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3 types of granular leukocytes
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neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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accounts for 60% of all WBCs in the blood
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neutrophils
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the largest WBC
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monocytes
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WBC that produces antibodies
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B lymphocytes
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WBC found in the bloodstream, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland
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lymphocytes
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WBC that defends against parasites and is involved in allergic reactions
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eosinophils
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WBC that attacks and destoys foreign cells such as bacteria viruses, fingi, parasites, cancer cells, etc
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T lymphocytes
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WBC that releases histamine and initiates the inflammatory response
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basophils
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specialized protein that defends against foreign invaders, such as a microorganism
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antibody
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platelets
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small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes
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platelet production is regulated by a hormone named
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thrombopoietin
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function of platelets
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involved in hemostasis
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3 steps of hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding)
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1. vascular spasm - constriction of blood vessels to reduce blood flow to area 2. formation of a platelet plug - seals ruptured blood vessel 3. coagulation - formation of a blood clot
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pain medication that interferes with the formation of the platelet plug
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aspirin
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inherited condition caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII
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hemophilia A
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Type A can receive
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A or O
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Type B can receive
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B or O
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bloodtype that is the universal recipient
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AB
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blood type that is the universal donor
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Type O
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a foreign protein that the body recognizes as "nonself"
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antigen
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a protein produced by lymphocytes in response to a foreign protein
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antibody
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clumping of foreign RBCs in a transfusion reaction
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agglutination
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a surface antigen on RBCs that can cause a transfusion reaction known as ____ in a fetus; happens when the mother is __ and father is __ for the factor
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Rh factor;HDN; negative, positive
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why is carbon monoxide deadly?
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reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of hemoglobin --> body tissues die
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cancer of blood caused by overproduction of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow
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leukemia
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reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity of blood cause by low numbers of RBCs, low levels of hemoglobin, or abnormal hemoglobin
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anemia
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Epstein-Barr virus infection of lymphocytes
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mononucleosis
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decreased number of platelets causing bleeding and bruising
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thrombocytopenia
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most common form of anemia
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iron deficiency anemia
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proliferation of microorganizsms or their toxins in blood
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septicemia
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genetic disorder causing abnormally-shaped RBCs and multiple body effects in people of African descent
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sickle cell anemia
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