Bio Ch. 20 Vocab

Front 1

Virus

Back 1

segments of nucleic acids contained in a protein coat

Front 2

Pathogens

Back 2

A virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes disease. It's an infectious agent

Front 3

Capsid

Back 3

May contain either RNA or DNA, and virus protein coast

Front 4

Envelope

Back 4

A membrane that covers the capsid of some viruses

Front 5

glycoproteins

Back 5

Proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules in the cell membrane

Front 6

Bacteriophages

Back 6

The viruses that infect bacteria

Front 7

The lytic cycle

Back 7

In bacterial viruses, the cycle of viral infection, replication, and cell destruction

Front 8

Provirus

Back 8

Viral DNA that has attached to a host cells chromosome and that is replicated with the chromosomes DNA

Front 9

the lysogenic cycle

Back 9

In the cycle, the viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell

Front 10

prion

Back 10

An infectious particle that consists only of a protein and that doesn't contain DNA or RNA

Front 11

viroid

Back 11

A single strand of RNA that has no capsid

Front 12

Pilus (pili)

Back 12

a short, thick appendices that allows a bacterium to attach to another bacterium. Allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces or move

Front 13

Bacillus

Back 13

a rod- shaped cell

Front 14

Coccus

Back 14

a round- shaped cell

Front 15

spirillum

Back 15

a spiral cell

Front 16

capsule

Back 16

A protective layer of polysaccharides around the cell wall

Front 17

Antibiotic

Back 17

A substance that can inhabit the growth of or kill some microorganisms.

Front 18

Endospore

Back 18

A thick- walled protective spore that forns inside a bacterial cell and resist harsh conditions

Front 19

Conjugation

Back 19

a process in which organisms exchange genetic material

Front 20

anaerobic

Back 20

oxygen free

Front 21

aerobic

Back 21

in the presence of oxygen

Front 22

Toxin

Back 22

a substance that is produced by one organism and is poisonous to other organisms

Front 23

photoautotrophs

Back 23

cyanobacteria undergo photo synthesis

Front 24

chemoautotrophs

Back 24

oxiide inorganic substances such ad sulfide and ammonia

Front 25

heterotrophs

Back 25

must consume organic molecules for both energy and carbon

Hint 25

decomposers and patogens

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gram stain

Back 26

used to classify eubacteria

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gram positive

Back 27

more peptidoglycan

Front 28

gram negative

Back 28

less peptidoglycan

Front 29

flagella

Back 29

helps with movement

Front 30

peptidoglycan

Back 30

modified sugars cross linked by short polypeptides

Front 31

nucleoid

Back 31

contains circular DNA

Front 32

cytoplasm

Back 32

gluids that hold internal structure

Front 33

cell membrane

Back 33

control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Front 34

plasmid

Back 34

A circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the main chromosome

Front 35

ribosomes

Back 35

build proteins

Front 36

thermoacidophiles

Back 36

found in areas with extreme temperatures and highly acidic environments

Front 37

methanogens

Back 37

harvest energy by converting hydrogen gas and carbon into methane gas

Front 38

halophiles

Back 38

survive in a high salt environment

Front 39

archaebacteria

Back 39

anaerobic
found in harsh environments
three groups-methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles

Front 40

Light microscope

Back 40

Light passes through one or more length is to produce enlarged image of a specimen

Front 41

Electron microscope

Back 41

Forms and image of the specimen using a beam of electrons rather than light

Front 42

Magnification

Back 42

The quality of making an image appear larger than its actual size

Front 43

Resolution

Back 43

Measure of clarity of an image

Front 44

Magnification

Back 44

The quality of making an image appear larger than its actual size

Front 45

Flagella

Back 45

Long threadlike structures that protrude from the cells surface and enables movement.

Front 46

Eukaryote

Back 46

An organism whose cells have a nucleus.

Front 47

Nucleus

Back 47

An internal compartments that the houses the cell's DNA

Front 48

Organelle

Back 48

A structure that carries out specific activities in the cell.

Front 49

Celia

Back 49

Hairlike structures that protrude from the surface of some eukaryotic cells, enables movement.

Front 50

Phospholipids

Back 50

Lipid made of a phosphate group and 2 fatty acids.

Front 51

Lipid bilayer

Back 51

The basic structure of the biological membrane composed of two layers of phospholipids.

Front 52

Resolution

Back 52

Measure of clarity of an image

Front 53

Scanning tunneling microscope

Back 53

Uses a needle like probe to measure differences in voltage caused by electrons that leak or tunnel from the surface of the object being viewed

Front 54

Cell theory

Back 54

1. All living things are made of one or more cells.

2.cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.

3.all cells arise from existing cells

Front 55

Cell membrane

Back 55

The outer boundary that encloses the cell and separates the sells interior, cytoplasm, from surrounding. It also regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 56

Cytoplasm

Back 56

It felt like a park that surrounded the DNA, the cells interior that holds the cells organelles in place

Front 57

Cytoskeleton

Back 57

A system of microscopic fibers, the cytoplasmic network of protein filaments that business central role in cell movement, shape, and division.

Front 58

Ribosomes

Back 58

Cellular structures on which proteins are made.

Front 59

Prokaryote

Back 59

A single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments.

Front 60

Cell wall

Back 60

AWOL there surrounds the cells membrane and provides structure and support.

Front 61

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 61

An extensive system of internal membranes that mean proteins and other substances through the cell.

Front 62

Vesicle

Back 62

It's small, membrane bound sac that transport substances in cells.

Front 63

Golgi apparatus

Back 63

A set of flattened, membrane bound sacs that serve at the packaging and distribution center of the cell.

Front 64

Lysosomes

Back 64

Small, spiracle organelles that contain the cells digestive enzymes. They digest recycle cells used components by breaking down proteins, nuclei acids, lipids and carbs

Front 65

Mitochondria

Back 65

And organelle that Harvest energy from organic compounds to make ATP, the main energy currency of cells This is done through cellular respiration.

Front 66

Chloroplat

Back 66

Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.

Front 67

Vacuole

Back 67

A large, membrane Bound space that stores water in May contain substances, including ions, nutrients, and waste.

Front 68

Microfilaments

Back 68

Determines the shape of an animal cells by expanding contract in the plasma membrane

Front 69

Microtubules

Back 69

Transfer information from the nucleus to different parts of

Front 70

Microtubules

Back 70

Transfer information from the nucleus to different parts of

Front 71

Intermediate fibers

Back 71

Provide a frame on which ribosomes and enzymes can be confined to a particular region of the cell. The cell can organize complex and tablet activities by anchoring some enzymes near one another.

Front 72

Smooth ER

Back 72

Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and stereo. Make lipids and breakdown toxic substances

Front 73

Smooth ER

Back 73

Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and stereo. Make lipids and breakdown toxic substances

Front 74

Rough ER

Back 74

Assemble proteins and helps transport them.