Chapter 7 Vocab Bio 20 Alberta

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7.1: The Importance of Cellular Respiration

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NADH

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an electron carrier, donates electrons in cellular respiration

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NAD+

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an electron carrier, accepts electrons in cellular processes

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FADH2

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an electron carrier, donates electrons in cellular processes

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FAD+

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an electron carrier, accepts electrons in cellular processes

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active transport

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the movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient using membrane bound carrier proteins and energy from ATP

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sodium-potassium pump

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an active-transport mechanism that pumps sodium and potassium ions into and out of a cell

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aerobic cellular respiration

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the set of reactions that take place in the cell I the presence of oxygen and releases energy stored in glucose

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anaerobic cellular respiration

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the set of reactions that takes place in the cell in the absence of oxygen and releases energy stored in glucose

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7.2: Glycolysis

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glycolysis

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a process for harnessing energy in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules In the cytoplasm of a cell

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7.3: Aerobic Cellular Respiration

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mitochondrion

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a eukaryotic cell organelle in which aerobic cellular respiration occurs

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mitochondrial matrix

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the fluid that fill the interior space of the mitichondrion

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intermembrane space

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the fluid-filled space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes

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Krebs cycle

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a cyclic series of reaction that transfers energy of reactions that transfers energy from organic molecules to ATP, NADH, and FADH2, and removes carbon atoms as CO2

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oxidative ATP synthesis

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the production of ATP from a series of oxidation reactions

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7.4: Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

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alcoholic fermentation

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a form of fermentation occurring in yeast in which NADH passes its hydrogen atoms to acetaldehyde, generating carbon dioxide, ethanol, and NAD+

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latic acid fermentaion

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a form of fermentation occurring in animal cells in which NADH transfers its hydrogen atoms to pyruvate, regenerating NAD+ and lactic acid

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maximum oxygen consumption VO2 max

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the max volume of oxygen, in mL, that the cells of the bodt can remove from the bloodstream in one min per kg of body mass while the body experiences maximal exertion

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lactic acid threshold

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the value of exercise intensity at which lactic acid production increases.