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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter |
-Organisms are composed of it -Anything that takes up space and has mass |
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Mass |
Quantity of matter an object has |
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Mass vs Weight |
-Mass: how much space an object takes up -Weight: the effect of gravity |
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Element |
-Cannot be broken down chemically -92 naturally occurring -Names/symbols from Latin and German |
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Compound |
-2 or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio -Have different characteristics than their elements |
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Essential Elements |
-25 of the 92 -Oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter |
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Trace Elements |
-required in minute qualities -Less than .01% |
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Elements consist of... |
Atoms |
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Atom |
-Smallest unit of matter -Retains properties of an element |
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Subatomic Particles |
-Neutrons: neutral -Protons: positive -Electrons: negative -N and + form nucleus -Electrons orbit nucleus |
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Atomic Number |
Number of protons |
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Mass Number |
Sum of Protons + neutrons |
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Atomic Mass |
-Atom's total mass of Protons + neutrons -Measured in Daltons |
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Isotopes |
-Have atoms with same number of Protons but different number of neutrons -Most are stable -Some radioactive: give off particles and energy, may decay into different elements |
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Energy |
Capacity to cause change |
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Potential Energy |
Stored energy |
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Energy Level/Electron Shell |
Position of electron |
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Matter has a tendency to move to... |
Lowest state of potential energy |
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Work |
Must be done to elevate Electrons to a higher potential energy level |
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Chemical behavior of an atom is determined by... |
The position of Electron in the outermost shell |
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Electron Configuration |
Shows Electron positions |
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Valence Electrons |
shell -Found in outermost (valence) shell-Atoms with same valence behave the same way -Atoms with same valence behave the same way |
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Chemical Bond |
When atoms with incomplete valence shells can share or transfer Electrons with other atoms |
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Covalent Bond |
-Sharing of a pair of valence Electrons by two atoms -The shared Electrons count as part of each atom's valence she'll -Strong bond |
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Molecule |
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Single Covalent Bond |
Sharing of one pair of valence electrons |
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Double Covalent Bond |
Sharing of 2 pairs of valence electrons |
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Valence |
Bonding capacity |
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Electronegativity |
Atom's attraction for the Electron in a covalent bond |
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Nonpolar Covalent Bond |
Atom's share Electron equally |
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Polar Covalent Bond |
Unequal sharing of electron |
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Oxygen is highly... |
Electronegative |
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Ion |
Charged atom (or molecule) |
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Anion |
Negatively charged ion |
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Cation |
Positively charged iom |
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Ionic Bond |
Attraction between an anion and a cation |
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Hydrogen Bonds |
Hydrogen atom of one molecule is attracted to the negative side of another molecule |
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Van de Waals Interactions |
Molecules or atoms that are very close together can be attracted by deleting charge differences |
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Chemical Reactions |
-Create new arrangements of atoms -Do not create or destroy matter |
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Reactants |
Starting molecules |
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Products |
Final molecules |
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Chemical Equilibrium |
The forward and reverse reaction rates are equal |
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Concentration of Reactants |
Increasing the concentration of increases the rate of reaction by increasing the number of collisions |
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Temperature |
Higher temperatures increase the number of collisions |
