Ap Bio;; Chapter 30: The Evolution Of Seed Plants

Front 1

How has the domestication of seed plants affected human settlements?

Back 1

turned society from hunter-gatherers to permanent settlements.

Front 2

what is common to all seed plants? [this includes gymnospores!]

Back 2

reduced gameophytes
heterospory
ovules
pollen

Front 3

what advantage did having small gametophytes have for seed plants?

Back 3

so they can develop from spores on the sporangia, therefore protecting them from environmental stresses. Also offers food and nutrients from the sporophyte.

Front 4

what are integuments

Back 4

layers of sporophyte tissue envelop and protect the megasporangium.

Front 5

what is the difference between gymnosperm megaspores and angiospore megaspores, in reference to integuments.

Back 5

gymnospores = 1integument
angiosperm = usually 2.

Front 6

what are the three things included in an ovule?

Back 6

megaspore
megasporangium
and integuments

Front 7

what is the main advantage of having seeds for plants?

Back 7

better adapts to harsh environments and has better mobility because it can both be distributed by wind or by animals.

Front 8

contrast sperm delivery in seedless vascular plants with sperm delivery in seed plants.

Back 8

-flagellated sperm needs a film of water, limiting distance traveled by few millimeters, instead of miles in seed plants.

Front 9

what additional features of seed plants, not present in seedless plants, contributed to the enormous success of seed plants on land?

Back 9

--reduced gameophytes are protected by sporophytes

-pollen grains have strong exterior, allowing long distances to be traveled

Front 10

pro-gymnosperms

Back 10

-transitional species of seedless vascular plants

Front 11

the evolution of seed plants included three main reproductive adaptations:

Back 11

-increasing dominance of the sporophyte generation

-seed is more resilient and dispersal able

-pollen becomes airborne

Front 12

label and explain the structure of a basic flower

Back 12

-sepals [located at the base of the flower, enclose the flower before it opens, think of a rose bud]

-petals [right above the sepals, usually brightly colored in order to attract pollinators]

-stamens/ carpels
-stamen [filaments (stalk) and the anthers (where pollen is produced)]
-carpels [many flowers have multiple carpels, and thye are made up of stigma (sticky portion that recitatives he pollen), style which leads to the ovary, which contains one or more ovules]

Front 13

what is the receptacle?

Back 13

part of stem that holds up the flower,

Front 14

what is a pistil?

Back 14

a single carpel or a group of fused carpels is sometimes called a pistil.

Front 15

pericarp

Back 15

wall of overy that thickens as it ripens, becomes wall of the fruit.

Front 16

what are the two cells in a pollen grain?

Back 16

1] generative cell which that divides and creates two sperm

2] tube cell which makes a pollen tube

Front 17

micropyle

Back 17

a pore in the integuments meant for the pollen tube to penetrate through in order to discharge the two sperm cells.

Front 18

double fertilization, two types of cells created by it

Back 18

embryo
and endosperm

Front 19

differences between monocots and dicots

Back 19

-one cotyldon versus two
-parrelel versus web like veins
- scattered vascular tissue versus vascular tissue usually arranged in ring

-no main root/ taproot

-pollen grain with one opening, pollen grain with three openings


-floral opening in multiples pf three , floral opening in multiples of four or five.

Front 20

explain the use of terms such as monocot, dicot, and eudicot.

Back 20

monocot has its own clove, and dicots do not. It was later discovered that most dicots do have their own clove, and these were called eudicots [meaning true dicots].

Front 21

explain why it is accurate to consider plant diversity to be a nonrenewable resource.

Back 21

its a non renewable resource because once a plant speices goes extinct, it becomes a non-reversible event. There is no way to get that species back, and there are countless species of plants that could be beneficial to humans but not yet discovered, so we can not risk losing them!