Bio C Tau - Osmoregulation And Excretion (Ch.44)

Front 1

excretion

Back 1

Process that rids the body of nitrogenous metabolites and other metabolic waste products

Front 2

osmolarity

Back 2

Total solute concentration expressed as molarity (mols of solute/liter of solution

Front 3

osmoconformer

Back 3

Isoosmotic with surroundings, Marine animals

Front 4

osmoregulator

Back 4

Control internal osmolarity independent of the environment

EX:Freshwater and terrestrial habitats

Front 5

urea

Back 5

Low toxicity but energy costly, it is ammonia combined with CO2 in the liver

Front 6

anhydrobiosis

Back 6

Dormant state due to drying up of their habitat

EX:Tardigrades (water bears)

Front 7

ammonia

Back 7

unsuitable for terrestrial b/c it requires lots of water and is extremely toxic if not excreted quickly

Doesn't bother aquatic animals they excrete it by the gills and little by kidney

Front 8

uric acid

Back 8

Relatively nontoxic but the most costly in energy,much less soluble in water, usually eliminated in a pastelike form along with feces

EX: land snails, insects, birds, and many reptiles

Front 9

filtration

Back 9

Water and solutes are forced by pressure out of the blood and into the excretory tubule

Front 10

ADH

Back 10

hormone that increases the reabsorption of water by nephrons

Front 11

secretion

Back 11

toxins, and excess ions are extracted from body fluids and added to the excretory tubule

Front 12

filtrate

Back 12

Altered filtrate (urine) leaves the system and the body

Front 13

nephron

Back 13

functional unit of the kidney, long tubule with associated capillaries

Front 14

glomerulus

Back 14

site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney a ball of capillaries surrounded buy bowmans aapsule in the nephron

Front 15

aldosterone

Back 15

a steroid hormone that acts on tubules of the kidney to regulate the transport of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+)

Front 16

renin

Back 16

a hormone that heops regulate blood pressure and blood volume

Front 17

JGA

Back 17

juxtaglomerular apparatus.

A specialized tissue innephrons that releases the enzyme renin in responseto a drop in blood pressure or volume.

Front 18

angiotensin II

Back 18

a peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillaru arterioles and increases reabsorption of NaCl and water by the proximal tubules of the kidney, increasing blood pressure and volume

Front 19

renal artery

Back 19

blood artery enters the kidney

Front 20

renal vein

Back 20

blood exits the kidney.

Urine to ureter to u. bladder to urethra (sphincter muscles control urination)

Front 21

renal cortex

Back 21

the outer portion of the vertebrate kidney

Front 22

ureter

Back 22

a duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 23

urethra

Back 23

tube that releases urine from the mammalian body near the vagina in females and penis in males

Front 24

urinary bladder

Back 24

the pouch where urine is stored prior to elimination

Front 25

renal medulla

Back 25

the inner portion of the vertrbrate kidney, beneath the renal cortex

Front 26

trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)

Back 26

an organic molecule that protects proteins fromdamage by urea.

Front 27

Malpighian tubules

Back 27

Insects and other terstrial arthropods have organs calledMalpighian tubules that remove nitrogenous wastes andthat also function in osmoregulation

Front 28

Metanephridia

Back 28

Most annelids, such as earthworms, have metanephridia(singular, metanephridium), excretory organs that collectfluid directly from the coelom

Front 29

Euryhaline

Back 29

animals(from the Greek eurys, broad) can survive large fluctuationsin external osmolarity.

Front 30

stenohaline

Back 30

cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity

Front 31

renal pelvis

Back 31

The funnel-shaped chamber thatreceives processed filtrate from the vertebratekidney’s collecting ducts and is drained by theureter.

Front 32

cortical nephrons

Back 32

In mammals and birds, anephron with a loop of Henle located almost entirely in the renal cortex. (short nephrons)

Front 33

juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 33

extenddeep into the medulla (long nephrons).

Front 34

glomerulus

Back 34

A ball of capillariessurrounded by Bowman’s capsule in thenephron and serving as the site of filtration inthe vertebrate kidney.

Front 35

Bowman’s capsule

Back 35

A cup-shapedreceptacle in the vertebrate kidney that is theinitial, expanded segment of the nephron,where filtrate enters from the blood.

Front 36

loop of Henle

Back 36

The hairpin turn, witha descending and ascending limb, betweenthe proximal and distal tubules of the vertebratekidney; functions in water and saltreabsorption.

Front 37

peritubular capillaries

Back 37

which surroundthe proximal and distal tubules

Front 38

Distal tubule

Back 38

In the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron that helps refine filtrate and empties it into a collecting duct.

Front 39

RAAS

Back 39

renin-angiotensinaldosteronesystem

Front 40

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Back 40

opposesthe RAAS. The walls of the atria of the heart releaseANP in response to an increase in blood volume and pressure.ANP inhibits the release of renin from the JGA, inhibitsNaCl reabsorption by the collecting ducts, and reduces aldosteronerelease from the adrenal glands.