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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Overview |
Endocrinology is the study of the structure and function of the endocrine gland and the hormones that they produce |
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Endocrine gland |
Ductless glands manufactures and/or secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph to elect a response in the body at a target site (includes pituitary adrenal thyroid gonads and pancreas) |
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Endocrine gland |
Glad the discharge is it secretion into a body cavity or onto the body surface through ducts ( include sweat glands Salvatori gland memory glands and enzyme producing glands) |
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Hormones |
Chemical messenger that is released by a gland travels to the blood or lymph and affects the growth or function of the target site |
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Steroid hormones |
1. diffusers through cell 2. find with the cytoplasmic or nuclear receptor proteins to form a receptor hormone complex 3. receptor hormone complex diffuses through the nuclear membrane and binds to the gene along the DNA 4. either encourages or discourage is protein synthesis 5. production or lack of production of certain proteins causes the intended result of the hormone |
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Peptide hormone activation |
1.binds to a receptor on cell membrane but do not diffuse the cells membrane 2. activate the cascade reaction resulting in the production of second messengers 3. second Masters activate or inhibit enzyme action with an all the cell 4. affects an enzyme cause the intended result of the |
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Endocrine system vs. nervous system |
Nervous tissue in the body can secrete hormones (pituitary and hypothalamus) Some chemicals released by nervous system can act as a hormone or neurotransmitter (norepinephrine) Both systems maintain haemostasis through negative feedback Response in the body may be due to the interactions of both nervous and endocrine systems working together |
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Homeostasis and negative feedback |
homeostasis- regulation of internal environment between narrow limits (pH temp CO2 H2O go to in glucose) |
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Homeostasis and negative feedback |
Most homeostasis regulation occurs through negative feedback negative feedback- correction mechanism that re-regulates body back to its homeostatic levels |
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Melatonin jet leg |
Hormone secreted by Pineal gland that regulates circadian rythms This hormone follows a negative feedback mechanism |
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Jet leg |
Symptom of circadin rhythm that is out of alignment symptoms- fatigue and sleepiness during day, insomnia at night, irritability and possible indigestion melatonin can be used to re-regulate this |
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Positive feedback |
Magnified mechanism that usually takes body out of homeostasis disorders and disease can occur with unregulated positive feedback as seen with the example regarding melatonin free infrequent homeostatic regulation can occur through the positive feedback as seen with the example of the birthing hormone oxytocin |
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The pituitary gland and it’s hormones |
Pituitary gland is referred to as the master gland because it releases the tropic hormones that regulate many other in Dockery glance throughout the body |
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Tropic hormones |
Tropic means to influence a tropic hormone influences other endocrine glands to release hormones |
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The pituitary gland |
Located in the brain composed of two parts the posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary |
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The pituitary gland |
Is governed by hormonal and nervous stimulation from the hypothalamus |
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Posterior pituitary |
Receives nervous signals from hypothalamus |
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Anterior pituitary |
Receives hormonal signals from the hypothalamus |
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Posterior pituitary |
Posterior pituitary gland does not produce hormones it stores secreted hormones that are synthesized by the hypothalamus |
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Neurosecretory cells |
Cells of the hypothalamus Produce hormones hormones travel through these neurons until arriving at the axon terminal located in the posterior pituitary Receptors direct hormones from accent terminal into pillories found in posterior pituitary Two types of hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (OCT or ADH) |
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Answer to pituitary |
No control of hypothalamus however produces own hormones Neuropsychiatry cells produce tropic hormones released into portal vessel system delivers Tropic hormone to the anterior pituitary causing release of hormones six main types released from posterior pituitary growth hormone thyroid stimulating hormone ACTH prolactin follicle-stimulating hormone and LH |
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Growth hormone |
Influences the somatocytes |
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How to identify the growth hormone |
Low secretion of HGH in childhood may cause dwarfism High secretion of hGH in childhood because gigantism High secretion of HGH after the bone/cartilage growth plates have used because a cromegaly or condition which caused a secondary bone growth
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Thyroid gland and it’s hormones |
Thyroid gland is a bowl shaped gland located below the larynx in the neck region Releases hormones that specialize in body metabolism and calcium adoption Two key hormones released our thyroxin and calcitonin |
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Thyroxine T4 |
Produced /release from thyroid gland stimulates cellular metabolism and all body tissue stimulates body development through organization of cells into tissues and organs thyroxin is synthesized using for iodine molecules hence the short form of the hormones name T4 thyroxin does not have a specific target instead it stimulates all body cells to increase cellular respiration |
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Goitre |
Absence of iodine from diet may result in this enlarge thyroid |
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Graves’ disease |
Autoimmune disorder where the bodies immune system attacks the thyroid and Eye muscles result in severe form of hyperthyroidism called Graves’ disease |
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Calcitonin |
Produced/released from thyroid stimulates calcium into bones once blood calcium is in excess of its critical level reduces blood calcium levels decreases CA2+ reabsorption into the blood from intestines kidneys and bones |
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Adrenal glands |
Two types each position on top of the kidney each is encased in the shell the inner gland is called the adrenal Medela received your own stimulation outer is called the adrenal cortex receives hormonal stimulation collectively release hormones that prepare the body for stress Aid in regulation of minerals promote male sexual development |
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Adrenal Medela |
Part of nervous and endocrine system referred to as neuroendocrine structure due to direct nervous stimulation The adrenal Medela hormonal release is faster but short term to key hormones epinephrin and norepinephrine |
