Bio #3

Front 1

a cell only has a nucleus if this is present

Back 1

nuclear membrane

Front 2

regulates what enters and leaves the cell

Back 2

plasma membrane

Front 3

regulates what goes in and out of nucleus

Back 3

nuclear membrane

Front 4

if a cell has this, the dna is surrounded by a membrane

Back 4

nucleus

Front 5

robert hooke's made this in 1665

and is accredited for the discovery of ____ in ____

Back 5

microscope

cells in corkskrew

Front 6

anton van leeuwenhoek's microscope

Back 6

ripped out his tissue

only microscope that could view up to 500x

Front 7

smallest cells

Back 7

bacteria

Front 8

largest cell by volume

Back 8

ostrich egg

Front 9

longest cell

Back 9

giraffe nerve cell

Front 10

how many cells comprise the human body

Back 10

100 trillion

Front 11

advantages of being multi-celled

Back 11

-cell specialization

-prevent the death of an organism

Front 12

plasma membrane : cytoplasm ratio is measured how

Back 12

surface area : volume

Front 13

amoeboid movement

Back 13

extending cell for movement

Front 14

moves the cell through the environment

part of the cytoplasm inside the cell

Back 14

flagellum(a)

Front 15

moves the environment around the cell

part of the cytoplasm inside the cell

Back 15

cilia

Front 16

water is sometimes called the...

Back 16

universal solvent

Front 17

general structure of a plasma membrane

Back 17

two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins

Front 18

membrane proteins

Back 18

recognition

receptor

transport

Front 19

receptor proteins

and example of recombinant dna

Back 19

insulin

Front 20

insulin allows body to take in

Back 20

sugar

Front 21

the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

Back 21

osmosis

Front 22

no ATP required

high to low

Back 22

passive transport

Front 23

ATP required

low to high

Back 23

active transport

Front 24

examples of active transport

Back 24

transport proteins

Front 25

examples of passive transport

Back 25

diffusion

osmosis

Front 26

movement of large substances across the plasma membrane

Back 26

endocytosis

Front 27

large substances leaving a cell

Back 27

exocytosis

Front 28

4 nucleotide bases

Back 28

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Front 29

steps of protein synthesis

Back 29

dna --> rna --> ribosomes --> protein

Front 30

hemophilia

Back 30

blood clots

Front 31

some ribosomes are found along the

Back 31

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 32

ribosomes make

Back 32

simple proteins

Front 33

exocytosis steps

Back 33

DNA - RNA - Ribosome - simple protein - ER - breaks off into Vesicle (can contain destructive enzymes) - makes large macro molecule (combines proteins, sugars, lipids) called golgi aparatus - takes out large wastes

Front 34

central vacuole stores

Back 34

water

Front 35

electron microscope

Back 35

uses beams of electrons to see specimen. can see smaller things than light microscope. large and expensive

Front 36

Substances may pass through transport proteins by

Back 36

diffusion or active transport

Front 37

receptor proteins

Back 37

sets off cell responses such as opening channel proteins and releasing hormones

Front 38

recognition proteins

Back 38

helps determine type of cells

Front 39

transport proteins

Back 39

carries molecules across cell membrane

Front 40

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low
concentration.

Back 40

diffusion

Front 41

the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.

Back 41

osmosis

Front 42

the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the assembly of a protein molecule.

Back 42

gene expression

Front 43

hereditary material

Back 43

dna

Front 44

molecule in cells that carries codes from the DNA in the nucleus to the sites of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm (the ribosomes)

Back 44

mRNA

Front 45

DNA that has been created artificially. DNA from two or more sources is incorporated into a single molecule.

Back 45

recombinant DNA

Front 46

acts as a pressure vessel, preventing over-expansion when water enters the cell

Back 46

cell wall

Front 47

function is to act as a medium of suspension for a cell's organelles, keeping a cell's inner structure intact

Back 47

cytoplasm

Front 48

cellular component that make proteins from all amino acid

Back 48

ribosomes

Front 49

cellular organelles that contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris

Back 49

lysosomes

Front 50

small organelle within a cell, consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane

Back 50

vesicle

Front 51

transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus

Back 51

ER

Front 52

the modifying, sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion. It is also involved in the transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes

Back 52

golgi apparatus

Front 53

cellular organelle found in plant cells. It is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant.

Back 53

central vacuole

Front 54

photosynthesis occurs in

Back 54

chloroplast

Front 55

respiration occurs in

Back 55

mitochondria

Front 56

a segment of dna

Back 56

gene

Front 57

steps from a gene to a trait

Back 57

DNA, RNA (transcription)

Ribosome to protein (translation)