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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skin prevents desiccation. What is this
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the loss of fluid
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epidermis is made of what three layers
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stratum germinativum, granulosum, and corneum
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what separates epidermis from dermis
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basement membrane
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what two kinds of cells make up the germinativum
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keratinocytes and melanocytes
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what is keratin
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a waterproofing protein
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where is keratin produced?
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granulosum
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are cells in granulosum alive?
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nope
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what is the most outer layer of the epidermis?
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stratum corneum
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a separation of epidermis from dermis is what
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a blister
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what do melanocytes produce?
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melanin
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describe eumelanin and pheomelanin
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eumelanin is the black pigment and pheomelanin is the reddish-yellow sulpher containing pigment
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where is carotene contained?
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stratum germinativum
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UV light stimulates which cells
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melanocytes
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what accounts for fingerprints?
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dermal papillae
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what layer is under the dermis and what does it do?
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hypodermis-connects dermis to underlying organs
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what is dermis made up of?
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loose connective tissue with fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells
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what is the stratum corneum comprised of?
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cornified keratinocytes
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Germinativum is made of what two layers
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basale and spinosum
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what vitamin is synthesized by skin?
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D
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t/f skin is the largest organ
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true
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size and weight of skin?
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about 9 pounds. 15-20 square feet
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what is pink color of dermis due to?
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hemoglobin of blood
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list some derivatives of the epidermis?
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hair/follicle, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, mammary glands, nails
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layers of hair in cross section. inside to out
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medulla, cortex, cuticle
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what is the indentation of the bulb of the hair
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hair papilla
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does the hair papilla contain blood vessels or nerves?
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yep
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which has quicker growth cycle
scalp hairs or brow? |
brow (3-4 months)
scalp (4 years) |
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what is hair color determined by? besides genes
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amounts of pheo and eumelanin
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what makes hair gray?
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no pigment and increased air space
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what are Merkel cells and what layer are they in?
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touch receptors in germinativum
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what are hairs made out of?
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fused keratinized cells
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what is accountable for hairs standing on end?
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arrector pili muscle
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what type of muscle is arrector pili?
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smooth
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what is sebum?
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oil
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what glands are in auditory canal?
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ceruminous that secrete cerumen
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what is the cuticle called?
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eponychium
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what is the most common type of skin cancer and what layer does it originate from>
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basal cell carcinoma - stratum basale
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what is squamous cell carcinoma made up of?
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keratinocytes
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most deadly skin cancer?
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malignant melanoma
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what are the ABCD's?
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asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter of 6mm or more
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how many bones at birth?
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270ish
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the formation of blood cells
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hematopoiesis
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bone cells responsible for bone production
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osteoblasts
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bone cells responsible for bone breakdown
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osteoclasts
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bone cells assisting in homeostasis
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osteocytes
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rough surfaces on bone are for
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muscle and ligament attachment
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small bones that may develop in tendons of highly used joints
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sesamoid bones
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little beams in bone that give it strength
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trabeculae
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shaft of a bone
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diaphysis
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end of bone
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epiphysis
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what covers ends of epiphyses?
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articular cartilage
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outer fibrous layer of bone
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periosteum
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inner layer of bone that has osteoclasts
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endosteum
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where yellow marrow is contained
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marrow cavity
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marrow cavity is lined with
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endosteum
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what is red marrow responsible for?
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blood cell production
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bone that develops in membrane
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intramembranous ossification
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bone formation that does not replace cartilage
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intramembranous ossification
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bone formation that replaces bone
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endochondral ossification
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