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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long ago did land plants first appeared in the terrestrial environment? |
450 to 500 million years ago |
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What is the coating of waxy lipids that retards water loss? |
The cuticle |
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Gametangia |
multi cellular organs that enclose plant gametes (no drying out) |
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What's the function of pigments? |
protection against UV radiation |
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What's the function of mycorrhizae? |
mutually beneficial association that promotes nutrient uptake from the soil |
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Are gametes produced by meiosis or mitosis? |
Mitosis |
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Are spores haploid or diploid? |
Haploid |
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What's a sporophyte? |
A diploid plant that comes from a diploid Zygote ("spore plant") |
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Gametophyte |
Haploid plant that produces haploid gametes that will form Sporophyte plants |
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Sporophyte |
Diploid plant that produces haploid spores which develops into haploid gametophyte |
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Monoecious |
M/F parts in the same plant |
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Dioecius |
Male and female parts in different plants |
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how do you build a phylogeny? |
Looking at: Morphology Genetics factors |
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oogamy |
production of eggs and sperm |
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What are Synapomorphies of the Streptophytes? |
retention of the egg In the parental organism, apical growth, oogamy, plasmodesmata |
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Parenchyma |
basic tissue type in the streptophytes with cells linked by plasmodesmata |
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Sporopollenin wall |
Protects spores against drying out and decay |
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Ectomycorrhizal |
fungi wrap themselves around the plant Increasing surface area for water and mineral |
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Vesicular-arbusaelar mycorrhizal |
fungi grow into root cells & exchange water & nutrients |
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What's the dominant life form for bryophytes ? |
Gametophyte (n) |
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Where's the Sperm and egg produced in bryophytes? |
antheridium/ Archegonium |
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Why are bryophytes so small? |
they have no true roots, they are non-vascular, have no strong support tissue system, minerals can be distributed by diffusion |
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When was the earliest Association of plants & fungi ? |
at least 460 million years |
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How do liveworts reproduce? |
Sexually or asexually |
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When did Stomata become a feature of land plants? |
between liverworts and other bryophytes |
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what's a heterosporus plant? |
Sporophytes that produce two different sex Spores |
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Do Mosses have plasmodesmata? |
No, but they have cells called hydroids, which die and leave a channel through Which water can move |
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Why are Hornworts called like that? |
Sporophytes look like small horns |
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What's the major clade of Vascular plants? |
tracheophytes |
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What features do lycpophytes, monilophytes, and gymnosperms not share with angiosperms? |
1. Megaphylls, 2. Seeds, 3. Flowers |
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What's the vascular tissue that conduct water and minerals ? |
tracheid cells- xylem tracheid cells- xylem |
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What's the apoplast pathway? |
water and ions move through roots to the xylem through cell walls and intercellular spaces in a continuous meshwork Of cellulose in the cell wall, never cross a membrane |
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What's a symplast pathway? |
Continuous cytoplasm of living cells connected by plasmodesmata |
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Which one occurred first in evolution: tracheIds or vessel elements? |
Tracheids - found in all vascular plants |
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What land plants are not vascular? |
Liveworts, mosses, and hornworts |
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What are megaphylls |
A leaf with several or many large veins branching apart or running parallel and connected by a network of smaller veins. The fronds of ferns and the leaves of gymnosperms and angiosperms are megaphylls |
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What's the purpose of lignin in tracheid cells? |
Strengthen the xylem to keep plant erect, flexible strength |
