Bio 165 Lab Practical 2

Front 1

Oral Cavity; Teeth
-know function

Back 1

Function:Mechanically grinds up food

Front 2

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Enamel

Back 2

Front 3

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Dentin

Back 3

Front 4

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Pulp Cavity

Back 4

Front 5

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Pulp

Back 5

Front 6

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Root Canal

Back 6

Front 7

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Canine

Back 7

Front 8

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Incisor

Back 8

Front 9

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Premolar

Back 9

Front 10

Oral Cavity; Teeth

Molar

Back 10

Front 11

Salivary Glands

-know functions

Back 11

Front 12

Salivary glands;

Parotid gland

Back 12

Front 13

Salivary glands;

Parotid gland;

Parotid Duct

Back 13

Front 14

Salivary glands;

Sublingual Gland

Back 14

Front 15

Salivary glands;

Submandibular glands

Back 15

Front 16

Oral Cavity;

Tongue

-know function

Back 16

Function: Manipulates food to help form a bolus (blended stuck together food)

Front 17

Oral Cavity;

Hard Palate

-know function

Back 17

Function: Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

Front 18

Oral Cavity;

Soft Palate

-know function

Back 18

Function: locks off passage to the nasopharynx during swallowing

Front 19

Oral Cavity;

Uvula

Back 19

Function: Blocks off passage to the nasopharynx during swallowing

Front 20

Oral Cavity;

Masseter Muscle

Back 20

Front 21

Esophagus

Back 21

Front 22

Esophagus;

Lower Esophagus Sphincter

Back 22

Front 23

Stomach

-know function

Back 23

Function: Receives the bolus from the esophagus, Mechanically breaks down bolus, secretes HCI and enzymes that digest proteins to form a paste like mixture called chyme.

Front 24

Stomach;

Fundus

Back 24

Front 25

Stomach;

body

Back 25

Front 26

Stomach;

Rugae

Back 26

Front 27

Stomach;

Pylorus

Back 27

Front 28

Stomach;

Pylorus;

Pylorus sphincter

Back 28

Front 29

Small Intestine

-know function

Back 29

Function: Absorbs nutrients from food

Front 30

Small Intestine;

Duodenum

Back 30

Front 31

Small Intestine;

Duodenum;

Major Duodenal Papilla

Back 31

Front 32

Small Intestine;

Duodenum;

Minor Duodenal Papilla

Back 32

Front 33

Small Intestine;

Jejunum

Back 33

Front 34

Small Intestine;

Ileum

Back 34

Front 35

Large Intestine (Colon)

-know function

Back 35

Function: Absorbs water and electrolytes

Front 36

Large Intestine (Colon);

Ileocecal Valve

Back 36

Front 37

Large Intestine (Colon);

Cecum

Back 37

Front 38

Large Intestine (Colon);

Appendix

Back 38

Front 39

Large Intestine (Colon);

Ascending Colon

Back 39

Front 40

Large Intestine (Colon);

Transverse Colon

Back 40

Front 41

Large Intestine (Colon);

Descending Colon

Back 41

Front 42

Large Intestine (Colon);

Sigmoid Colon

Back 42

Front 43

Large Intestine (Colon);

Rectum

Back 43

Front 44

Large Intestine (Colon);

Anus

Back 44

Front 45

liver

-know function

Back 45

Function: Produces Bile

Front 46

Liver;

left lobe

Back 46

Front 47

Liver;

Right Lobe

Back 47

Front 48

Liver;

Falciform Ligament

Back 48

Front 49

Liver;

Left Hepatic Duct

Back 49

Front 50

Liver;

Right Hepatic Duct

Back 50

Front 51

Liver;

Common Hepatic duct

Back 51

Front 52

Liver;

Common Bile Duct

-know function

Back 52

Function: carries bile from the gallbladder and conducts it into the upper part of the small intestine

Front 53

Gall Bladder

-know function

Back 53

Function: Stores and ejects bile into the duodenum for the emulsification of fats

Front 54

Gall Bladder;

Cystic Duct

-know funtion

Back 54

Function: Connects the gall bladder to the common bile duct.

Front 55

Pancreas

-Know Function

Back 55

Function: production and secretion of digestive enzymes.

Front 56

Pancreas;

Pancreatic Duct

-know function

Back 56

Function: Collects secretions from the larger part of the pancreas and empties them into the duodenum through the major papilla.

Front 57

Pancreas;

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

-Know function

Back 57

Function: Collects secretions fro upper part of the pancreas and empties them into the duodenum through the minor papilla

Front 58

Histology;

Tongue

-Papilla

-Taste Buds

Back 58

Front 59

Histology;

Stomach

-Mucosa

-Gastric Pit

- Submucosa

-Muscularis

Back 59

*

Front 60

Histology;

Small Intestine

-Mucosa

-Villi

-Submucosa

-Muscularis

Back 60

*

Front 61

Arteries

-know function

Back 61

Function: Carry Blood away from the heart to the lungs

Front 62

Arteries;

Aorta

-know Function

Back 62

Function: Carries and distributes oxygen red blood to other parts of the body

Front 63

Arteries;

Branchiocephalic Artery

Back 63

Front 64

Arteries;

Branchiocephalic Artery;

Right Common Carotid Artery

Back 64

Front 65

Arteries;

Brachiocephalic Artery;

Right Subclavian Artery

Back 65

Front 66

Arteries;

Brachiocephalic Artery;

Right brachial artery

Back 66

Front 67

Arteries;

Left Common Carotid Artery

Back 67

Front 68

Arteries;

Left Subclavian Artery

Back 68

Front 69

Arteries;

Left Subclavian Artery;

Left Brachial Artery

Back 69

Front 70

Arteries;

Common Iliac artery- right and left

Back 70

Front 71

Arteries;

Common Iliac Artery;

Internal Iliac Artery- right and left

Back 71

Front 72

Arteries;

Common Iliac Artery;

External Iliac Artery- right and left

Back 72

Front 73

Arteries;

Common Iliac Artery;

External Iliac Artery;

Femoral Artery- Right and left

Back 73

Front 74

Veins

-Know Function

Back 74

Function: Carries Blood from lungs to the heart. (veins here on heart are red)

Front 75

Veins;

Superior Vena Cava

-know Function

Back 75

Function: carries blood low on oxygen from the Upper body veins to the heart

Front 76

Veins;

Superior Vena Cava;

Brachiocephalic vein- right and left

Back 76

Front 77

Veins;

Superior Vena Cava;

Brachiocephalic vein

Internal Jugular Vein- Right and left

Back 77

Front 78

Veins;

Superior Vena Cava;

Brachiocephalic vein

Subclavian Vein- right and left

Back 78

Front 79

Veins;

Superior Vena Cava;

Brachiocephalic vein

Subclavian Vein

Brachial Vein- right and left

Back 79

Front 80

Veins;

Cephalic Vein

Back 80

Front 81

Veins;

Basilic Vein

Back 81

Front 82

Veins;

Inferior Vena Cava

-Know Function

Back 82

Function: carries blood low on oxygen from the lower body veins to the heart

Front 83

Veins;

Inferior Vena Cava

Common Iliac Vein- Right and left

Back 83

Front 84

Veins;

Inferior Vena Cava

Common Iliac Vein

Internal Iliac Vein- Right and left

Back 84

Front 85

Veins;

Inferior Vena Cava

Common Iliac Vein

External Iliac Vein- R&L

Back 85

Front 86

Veins;

Inferior Vena Cava

Common Iliac Vein

External Iliac Vein

Femoral Vein- right and left

Back 86

Front 87

Heart

Back 87

Front 88

Heart;

Right Atrium

-know Function

Back 88

Function: Receives deoxygenated blood from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Front 89

Heart;

Right AV Valve (Or Tricuspid Valve)

-know Function

Back 89

Function: allows blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles, but prevent flow in the opposite direction

Front 90

Heart;

Right Ventricle

-know Function

Back 90

Function: when it contracts, it forces blood through the valve into the pulmonary trunk

Front 91

Heart;

Pulmonary Semilunar Vavle

-know Function

Back 91

Function: allows the blood to pass out of the ventricles.

Front 92

Heart;

Pulmonary Trunk

-know Function

Back 92

Function: Recieves deoxygenated blood (blue) from the right ventricle after the blood passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve.

Front 93

Heart;

Pulmonary arteries (right and left)

-know Function

Back 93

Function: Transports deoxygenated blood (blue) from the heart to the lings where blood is oxygenated.

Front 94

Heart;

Pulmonary Veins (right and left)

-know Function

Back 94

Function: Transports oxygenated blood (red) from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Front 95

Heart;

Coronary Sinus

-know Function

Back 95

Function: Carries deoxygenated blood (blue) from the cardiac muscle itself

Front 96

Heart;

Left Atrium

-know Function

Back 96

Function: Receives blood from pulmonary veins. It contracts and forces blood through the left AV valve into the left ventricle.

Front 97

Heart;

Left AV Valve (or bicuspid valve/mitral valve)

-know Function

Back 97

Function: Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Front 98

Heart;

Left Ventricle

-know Function

Back 98

Function: When it contracts it forces blood through the valve into the aorta.

Front 99

Heart;

Aortic Semilunar Vavle

-know Functions

Back 99

Function: allows blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta

Front 100

Heart;

Aorta

-know Function

Back 100

Function: Receives oxygenated blood (red) from the left ventricle and sends it off to arteries.

Front 101

Heart;

Chordae tendineae

-know Function

Back 101

Function: Keeps AV valves from opening upwards- the wrong way

Front 102

Heart;

Papillary muscle

-know Function

Back 102

Function: Contract to exert tension on the chordae tendineae

Front 103

Heart;

Interventicular septum

-know Function

Back 103

Function: Wall that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.

Front 104

Heart Histology

Cardiac Muscles;

-Intercalated disk

-know Function

Back 104

Function: Contracts to pump blood through the body via blood vessels.

(Intercalated disks- where ends of cardiac muscle cells meet)

Front 105

Heart Histology

Blood;

-Red blood cells

-White Blood Cells

- Platelets

-know Functions

Back 105

Functions:

-Erythrocytes (red): Transport respiratory gases (Co2/OH)

-Leukocytes (white): Involved in immunity from illness

-Platelets: Involved in blood clotting

Front 106

Heart Histology

Blood Vessels;

-Artery

-Vein

-know Functions

Back 106

Functions:

Artery: carry blood from the heart

Vein: Carry blood toward the heart.

Front 107

Respiratory System;

Nasal Cavity

Back 107

Front 108

Respiratory System

Nasal Cavity;

Inferior Nasal Concha

-Know function

Back 108

Function: Increases surface area of the nose to help clean, moisten, and warm incoming air.

Front 109

Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity;

Middle Nasal Concha

-Know function

Back 109

Function: Increases surface area of the nose to help clean, moisten, and warm incoming air.

Front 110

Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity;

Superior Nasal Concha

-Know functions

Back 110

Function: Increases surface area of the nose to help clean, moisten, and warm incoming air.

Front 111

Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity;

Inferior Nasal Meatus

Back 111

Function: Passages for air between the nasal concha.

Front 112

Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity;

Middle Nasal Meatus

Back 112

Function: Passages for air between the nasal concha.

Front 113

Respiratory system

Nasal Cavity;

Superior Nasal Meatus

Back 113

Function: Passages for air between the nasal concha.

Front 114

Respiratory system

Pharynx

-know function

Back 114

Function: A passage for air and food and a resonating chamber for speech

Front 115

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

Nasopharynx

Back 115

Front 116

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

Nasopharynx;

Auditory tube opening

(Eustachian tube opening)

Back 116

Front 117

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

Nasopharynx;

Pharyngeal Tonsil (adenoid)

-know function

Back 117

​Function: Intercept pathogens (microbes) and destroy them

Front 118

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

oropharynx

Back 118

Front 119

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

oropharynx;

Palatine Tonsil

-know function

Back 119

Function: Intercept pathogens (microbes) and destroy them

Front 120

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

oropharynx;

Lingual Tonsil

-know functions

Back 120

Function: Intercept pathogens (microbes) and destroy them

Front 121

Respiratory system

Pharynx;

Laryngopharynx

Back 121

Front 122

Respiratory system

Larynx

Back 122

Front 123

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Hyoid bone

Back 123

Front 124

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Epiglottis (epiglottal cartilage)

-know function

Back 124

Function: Closes off the glottis during swallowing so that food doesn't go down the treachea

Front 125

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Glottis

Back 125

Front 126

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Thyroid cartilage

Back 126

Front 127

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Cricoid Cartilage

Back 127

Front 128

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Arytenoid Cartilage

Back 128

Front 129

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Corniculate Cartilage

Back 129

Front 130

Respiratory system

Larynx;

Vocal Folds

-know function

Back 130

Function: Produces sound as air passes over them which cause them to vibrate.

Front 131

Respiratory system

Trachea

-know function

Back 131

Function: divisions for air passage going to and from lungs.

Front 132

Respiratory system

Primary Bronchus right and left

-know function

Back 132

Function: Divisions of the trachea taking air to and from the right and left lungs.

Front 133

Respiratory system

Secondary Bronchus right and left

-know function

Back 133

Function: Divisions of the trachea taking air to and from the right upper lobe and left upper lobe of the lungs.

Front 134

Respiratory system

Lungs

-know function

Back 134

Function: organs where gas exchange occurs between the inhaled atmospheric air and the blood.

Front 135

Respiratory system

Right Lung

Back 135

Front 136

Respiratory system

Right Lung;

R. Upper Lobe

Back 136

Front 137

Respiratory system

Right Lung;

R. Middle Lobe

Back 137

Front 138

Respiratory system

Right Lung;

R. Lower Lobe

Back 138

Front 139

Respiratory system

Right Lung;

R. Horizontal Fissure

Back 139

Front 140

Respiratory system

Right Lung;

R. Oblique Fissure

Back 140

Front 141

Respiratory system

Left Lung

Back 141

Front 142

Respiratory system

Left Lung;

L. Upper Lobe

Back 142

Front 143

Respiratory system

Left Lung;

L. Lower Lobe

Back 143

Front 144

Respiratory system

Left Lung;

L. Oblique Fissure

Back 144

Front 145

Respiratory system

Left Lung;

Cardiac Notch

Back 145

Front 146

Respiratory system

Diaphragm

Back 146

Front 147

Respiratory Histology

Bronchus

-Pseudostratified ciliated Columnar Epithelium

-Hyaline Cartilage

-know functions

Back 147

Function:

Division of the trachea taking air to and from the right and left lungs

Front 148

Respiratory Histology

Lungs

-Alveoli

- Simple Squamous Epithelium

-Know Functions

Back 148

Function:

Lung: Organ where gas exchange occurs between atmospheric air and blood

Alveoli: small cavity pit where gas exchange occurs.