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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the amylase experiment, what was the substrate?
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Starch
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In the amylase experiment, what was the Benedict's test used for? Describe a positive result
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To test for the presence of Glucose, indicating the starch had been digested/broken down into glucose. A color change to yellow/orange = positive for glucose.
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In the amylase experiment, what was Lugol's solution (iodine) used for? Describe a positive result.
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To test for the presence of starch. A blue/black color change indicated starch was still present, thus no digestion occurred.
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What conditions reacted the most and fastest in the amylase experiment.
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amylase at 37 degrees C
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In the Pepsinogen experiment, what was the substrate?
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egg white (protein)
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In the pepsinogen/pepsin experiment, what indicated a positive test for protein digestion?
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complete - egg white gone
partial - cloudy water, frayed edges of egg. |
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What is necessary for pepsinogen to activate and digest the egg white
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hydrochloric acid.
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In the lipase experiment, what was the substrate?
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butter fats/lipids
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In the lipase experiment, what was the reagent?
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litmus powder
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Litmus powder turns ________ in acidic conditions and ____________ in basic conditions
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red
blue/purple |
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In the lipase experiment, what was necessary for the lipase to digest fully?
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Bile salts
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In the pig dissection, where would you find the thymus?
What does it do? |
extends down from the neck to the heart
important for a healthy immune system |
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In the pig dissection, where would you find the pancreas?
What does it do? |
under the stomach
endocrine fxn - secretes insulin exocrine fxn - secretes lipase into small intestine. |
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In the pig dissection, where would you find the thyroid?
what does it do? |
in the throat medially
Secretes thyroid hormone, which regulates metabolism |
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what is inspiratory reserve volume? IRV
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the amount of air you can forcibly inhale after normal inspiration
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what is expiratory reserve volume? (ERV)
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the amount of air you can forcibly exhale after normal expiration
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what is tidal volume
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the amount of air you normally inhale and exhale while resting
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what is inspiratory capacity? IC
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it is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + tidal volume
IRV + TV = IC |
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what is residual volume? RV
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the amount of air left in the lungs after forcibly exhaling as much air as possible
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What is vital capacity?
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Vital Capacity = inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume.
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What is total lung capacity?
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Total lung capacity = inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume.
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what is the formula for inspiratory reserve volume using vital capacity (VC), Tidal volume (TV) and Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
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IRV = (VC-TV) - ERV
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How to determine a person's minute respiratory volume?
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TV x breaths/minute
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what is the typical residual volume amount for
women? men? |
women = 900 mL
men = 1200 mL |
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What does the hypothalamus synthesize?
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oxytocin and ADH
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on a lab slide what color is the posterior pituitary gland?
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pink
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on a lab slide, what color is the anterior pituitary gland?
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purple (or darker pink)
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what does the posterior pituitary gland do?
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stores oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus
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what does the anterior pituitary gland do?
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Called the "Master Endocrine Gland" - secretes growth hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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pineal gland function
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secretes melatonin - regulates sleep cycles
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general adrenal gland function
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secretes over 2 dozen steroid hormones called corticosteroids which help deal with stress
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What does the zona glomerulosa secrete
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mineralcorticoids
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what does the zona fasciculata secrete
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glucocorticoids
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what does the zona reticularis secrete?
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sex steroids
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what does the thyroid gland do?
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secretes thyroid hormone (TH) which regulates metabolism
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what does the parathyroid gland do?
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secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium balance in the blood
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what does the thymus do?
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instrumental in immune response) - secretes peptide hormones which are necessary for the normal development of T lymphocytes
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what is the most important function of the spleen?
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Cleanses the blood - extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets from the blood, and it macrophages remove debris and foreign matter from blood.
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what is the lymphatic function of the thymus?
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It's where T lymphocytes mature.
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what do tonsils do?
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gather and remove many pathogens entering the pharynx in food or in inhaled air.
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what do lymph nodes do?
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Help activate the immune system - contain lymphocytes.
filter the lymph - macrophases in the nodes remove and destroy mircroorganisms and debris that enter the lymph from the loose connective tissues, preventing them from being deliever to the blood |
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what does the appendix do?
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contains lymphoid follicles which destroy bacteria and also generates memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity
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what blood type is the universal donor? Why?
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O negative
B/C O blood contains neither type A nor type B surface antigens, nor does it contain Rh surface antigens |
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what blood type is the universal recipient?
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AB positive blood does not contain any antibodies to A, B, or Rh negative.
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what is hematocrit?
what's normal |
The percent of RBC's in whole blood (not the number of RBC's)
45 - 50 % |
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in what order of commonality are the different white blood cells (leukocytes) found?
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neutrophils
lymphocytes monocytes eosinophils basophils |
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what is the general fxn of
neutrophils? |
phagocytic - eat foreign pathogens
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what is the general fxn of lymphocytes?
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immunity - recognizes and then attacks and destroys foreign bodies
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what is the general fxn of monocytes?
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become macrophages which are large phagocytic cells that eat foreign pathogens
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what is the general fxn of eosinophils?
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reduce inflammation
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what is the general fxn of basophils?
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increase inflammation - release histamine.
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what do chief cells secrete?
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Pepsinogen
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what do parietal cells secrete?
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hydrochloric acid
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