Bio 152 Test 2

Front 1

1. According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy
ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?
a. A genes only
b. B genes only
c. C genes only
d. A and B genes only
e. A and C genes only

Back 1

D

Front 2

2. Which of the following insects exhibits incomplete metamorphosis?
a. Fly
b. Grasshopper
c. Butterfly
d. Moth
e. None of the above

Back 2

B

Front 3

3. Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil?
a. taproots
b. root hairs
c. the thick part of the roots near the base of the stem
d. storage roots
e. sections of the root that have secondary xylem

Back 3

B

Front 4

4. Land plants are composed of all the following tissue types except
a. mesodermal.
b. epidermal.
c. meristematic.
d. vascular.
e. ground tissue.

Back 4

A

Front 5

5. __________ is to xylem as __________ is to phloem.
a. Sclerenchyma cell; parenchyma cell
b. Apical meristem; vascular cambium
c. Vessel element; sieve-tube member
d. Cortex; pith
e. Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Back 5

C

Front 6

6. The only function of meristems in plants is to
a. attract pollinators.
b. absorb ions.
c. photosynthesize.
d. divide.
e. produce flowers

Back 6

D

Front 7

7. The number of vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of digits in a hand or foot, are all strongly
influenced by
a. The presence of a gastrovascular cavity
b. The presence of a pseudocoelom
c. The presence of paired dorsal nerve cords
d. The presence of Hox genes
e. The presence of an osculum

Back 7

D

Front 8

8. Evidence of which of the following characteristics or structures would be unlikely to be found among
fossils of lancelets and lancelet relatives?
a. Pharyngeal slits
b. True tissues
c. Radial symmetry
d. Cephalization
e. Embryos

Back 8

C

Front 9

9. Acoelomates are characterized by
a. The absence of a brain or anterior ganglia
b. The absence of ectoderm
c. Deuterostome development
d. A coelom that is not completely line with mesoderm
e. A solid body without a cavity that surrounds the internal organs

Back 9

E

Front 10

10. Which cells in a sponge are primarily responsible for trapping food particles from the circulating water?
a. The choanocytes
b. The mesoglea
c. The epidermal cells
d. The amoebocytes
e. The spicule cells

Back 10

A

Front 11

11. The polarity of a plant is established when
a. the zygote divides.
b. cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo.
c. the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo.
d. the primary root breaks through the seed coat.
e. the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.

Back 11

A

Front 12

12. The amount and direction of movement of water in plants can always be predicted by measuring
which of the following?
a. pressure potential
b. number of membrane proteins
c. proton gradients
d. dissolved solutes
e. water potential (Ψ)

Back 12

E

Front 13

13. If ΨP = 0.3MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is
a. +0.75 MPa
b. -0.75 MPa
c. -0.15 MPa
d. +0.15 MPa
e. -0.42 MPa

Back 13

C

Front 14

14. Which animal group exhibits a true coelom?
a. Platyhelminthes
b. Annelida
c. Mammalia
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 14

E

Front 15

15. After swimming in a river, you notice that the mouth of a slug-like creature is adhering tightly to your
bloody foot. This animal is a member of the Phylum
a. Annelida
b. Platyhelminthes
c. Lophotrochozoa
d. Mollusca
e. Ecdysozoa

Back 15

A

Front 16

16. Which of the following is true of members of the Phylum Cnidaria?
a. They have no contractile tissues
b. They are primarily filter feeders
c. They have either or both of two body forms: polyp and medusa
d. They have a gastrovascular cavity
e. They exhibit both a mouth and an anus

Back 16

C AND D

Front 17

17. Arrange the following in the correct evolutionary sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these
grouped plant traits originated:
1. sporophyte dominance + gametophyte independence
2. sporophyte dominance + gametophyte dependence
3. gametophyte dominance + sporophyte dependence
a. 1  2  3
b. 2  3  1
c. 2  1  3
d. 3  2  1
e. 3  1  2

Back 17

E

Front 18

18. Examinations of fossils of Archeopteryx and Velociraptor reveal that, in common with all modern-day
birds, both species had
a. Compound eyes
b. Feathers
c. Conspicuous teeth
d. Both A and B
e. Both B and C

Back 18

B

Front 19

19. The following are all true about the life cycle of mosses except
a. external water is required for fertilization.
b. flagellated sperm are produced.
c. antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
d. the gametophyte generation is dominant.
e. the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.

Back 19

E

Front 20

20. Members of which flatworm class(es) below are typically non-parasitic?
a. Trematoda
b. Turbellaria
c. Cestoda
d. Monogenea
e. A and B

Back 20

B

Front 21

21. Which characteristic is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?
a. dorsoventrally flattened bodies
b. nephridia for waste processing and water control
c. radial symmetry
d. a digestive tract that has only a single opening
e. Both C and D

Back 21

D

Front 22

22. The radula is a characteristic that is common to which Phylum?
a. Trematoda
b. Turbellaria
c. Cestoda
d. Mollusca
e. Cnidaria

Back 22

D

Front 23

23. Which of these statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle?
a. Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs.
b. Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones.
c. Pollen grains contain female gametophytes.
d. A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Back 23

A

Front 24

24. Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a. stigma
b. carpel
c. ovule
d. ovary
e. anthers

Back 24

C

Front 25

25. Nematode worms and annelid worms share which of the following features:
a. Ventral heart and circulatory system
b. Dorsal nerve cords
c. The presence of muscle tissues
d. The absence of species with parasitic lifestyles
e. The absence of a nervous system

Back 25

C

Front 26

26. Chelicerata and Myriapoda can be found in Phylum
a. Mollusca
b. Arthropoda
c. Cnidaria
d. Annelida
e. Nematoda

Back 26

B

Front 27

27. In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently
a. means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures.
b. results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell.
c. allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time.
d. results in heterokaryotic or dikaryotic cells.
e. is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic.

Back 27

D

Front 28

28. Which of these structures are most likely to be a component of both chytrid zoospores and motile
animal cells?
a. cilia
b. flagella
c. pseudopods
d. heterokaryons
e. haustoria

Back 28

B

Front 29

29. Members of this group form arbuscular mycorrhizae:
a. zygomycetes
b. ascomycetes
c. basidiomycetes
d. glomeromycetes
e. chytrids

Back 29

D

Front 30

30. Which structure is incorrectly paired with its tissue system?
a. root hair – dermal tissue
b. palisade parenchyma – ground tissue
c. guard cell – dermal tissue
d. companion cell – ground tissue
e. tracheid – vascular tissue

Back 30

D

Front 31

31. What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
a. primary xylem
b. secondary xylem
c. secondary phloem
d. mesophyll cells
e. vascular cambium

Back 31

B

Front 32

32. The water vascular system is a key characteristic of which Phylum or Phyla?
a. Nematoda
b. Echinodermata
c. Cnidaria
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 32

B

Front 33

33. Which Phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body plan?
a. Cnidaria
b. Platyhelminthes
c. Porifera
d. Arthropoda
e. Mollusca

Back 33

D

Front 34

34. The most recent common ancestor of all land plants was probably similar to modern-day members of
which group?
a. green algae
b. red algae
c. charophytes
d. brown algae
e. angiosperms

Back 34

C

Front 35

35. What is the primary role of a mushroom’s underground mycelium?
a. absorbing nutrients
b. anchoring
c. sexual reproduction
d. asexual reproduction
e. protection

Back 35

A

Front 36

36. What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
a. Both groups are coenocytic.
b. The haploid state is dominant in both groups.
c. Both groups are predominately heterotrophs that ingest their food.
d. The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin.
e. Both groups have cell walls.

Back 36

D

Front 37

37. Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants?
a. decrease in the size of the leaf.
b. reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle.
c. elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei.
d. increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together.
e. replacement of roots by rhizoids.

Back 37

B

Front 38

38. In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants?
a. sporopollenin
b. lignin present in cell walls
c. pollen
d. use of wind as a dispersal agent
e. strobili

Back 38

C

Front 39

39. Ommatidia can be found in Phylum
a. Mollusca
b. Arthropoda
c. Cnidaria
d. Annelida
e. Nematoda

Back 39

B

Front 40

40. In which two of the major groups of animals in the phylogenetic tree in the Figure below do you see the
first evolutionary beginnings of a kidney-like liquid waste disposal and purification system?
a. Mammalia
b. Annelida
c. Platyhelminthes
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 40

E

Front 41

41. The first appearance of the blastocoel occurs at which point on the phylogenetic tree below?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E

Back 41

A

Front 42

43. What is the greatest threat to plant diversity?
a. insects
b. grazing and browsing by animals
c. pathogenic fungi
d. competition with other plants
e. human population growth

Back 42

E

Front 43

44. What is a distinctive feature of the class Chondrichthyes?
a. An amniotic egg
b. Unpaired fins
c. A lack of jaws
d. A mostly cartilaginous endoskeleton
e. Radial symmetry

Back 43

D

Front 44

45. The following characteristics all helped seed plants become better adapted to land except
a. a dominant gametophyte.
b. vascular tissue.
c. a waxy cuticle.
d. stomata on leaves.
e. a branched sporophyte.

Back 44

A

Front 45

46. If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same
plant), then it
a. belongs to a species that is homosporous.
b. must be diploid.
c. has lost the need for a sporophyte generation.
d. has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ.
e. is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.

Back 45

A

Front 46

47. Reptilian embryos are protected from desiccation by a leathery shell. Similarly, which pair of structures
protects seed plants’ embryos and male gametophytes, respectively, from desiccation?
a. ovules : waxy cuticle
b. ovaries : filaments
c. fruits : stamens
d. pollen grains : waxy cuticle
e. integuments : sporopollenin

Back 46

E

Front 47

48. Which group contains only diploblastic animals?
a. Cnidarians
b. Porifera
c. Annelida
d. Arthropoda
e. Nematoda

Back 47

A

Front 48

49. Plant spores are produced directly by
a. sporophytes.
b. gametes.
c. gametophytes.
d. gametangia.
e. seeds.

Back 48

A

Front 49

50. The water vascular system of echinoderms
a. functions as a locomotory system
b. functions as a feeding system
c. functions in gas exchange
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

Back 49

E

Front 50

51. Which of the following is true of all chordates?
a. Scales
b. Jaws
c. Vertebrae
d. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
e. Lungs

Back 50

D

Front 51

52. How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
a. by nourishing the plants that make them
b. by facilitating dispersal of seeds
c. by attracting insects to the pollen inside
d. by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat
e. by producing triploid cells via double fertilization

Back 51

B

Front 52

53. Which two groups have members that undergo ecdysis?
a. Cnidaria and Porifera
b. Echinodermata and Porifera
c. Echinodermata and Cnidaria
d. Nematoda and Platyhelminthes
e. Nematoda and Arthropoda

Back 52

E

Front 53

54. The structural components of a sponge (spicules, sponging) are manufactured by
a. The choanocytes
b. The mesoglea
c. The epidermal cells
d. The amoebocytes
e. The spicule cells

Back 53

D

Front 54

55. Which of the following is characteristic of all angiosperms?
a. complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agent
b. double fertilization
c. free-living gametophytes
d. carpels that contain microsporangia
e. ovules that are not contained within ovaries

Back 54

B

Front 55

56. Nitrogen fixation is a process that
a. recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials.
b. converts ammonia to nitrate.
c. releases nitrate from the rock substrate.
d. converts nitrogen gas into ammonia.
e. A and B

Back 55

D

Front 56

57. The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce two
haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce these
sperm cells?
a. binary fission
b. mitosis
c. meiosis
d. mitosis without subsequent cytokinesis
e. meiosis without subsequent cytokinesis

Back 56

B

Front 57

58. Angiosperm double-fertilization is so termed because it features the formation of
a. two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells.
b. one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells.
c. two embryos from two sperm cells and two egg cells.
d. one embryo involving one sperm cell and of endosperm involving a second sperm cell.
e. one embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm cell.

Back 57

D

Front 58

59. What regulates the flow of water through the xylem?
a. passive transport by the endodermis
b. the number of companion cells in the phloem
c. the evaporation of water from the leaves
d. active transport by sieve-tube members
e. active transport by tracheid and vessel elements.

Back 58

C

Front 59

60. Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of stomata?
a. Fe
b. Bo
c. Mg
d. H
e. K

Back 59

E

Front 60

61. Corals are most closely related to which group?
a. Starfish
b. Sea urchins
c. Sea anemones
d. Sponges
e. Clams

Back 60

C

Front 61

62. Which of the following is not a characteristic of animals?
a. Multicellular body plan
b. Autotrophic
c. Mitochondria
d. Has no cell walls
e. Dominant life stage is diploid

Back 61

B

Front 62

63. What is the mutualistic association between roots and fungi called?
a. nitrogen fixation
b. Rhizobium infection
c. mycorrhizae
d. parasitism
e. root hair enhancement

Back 62

C

Front 63

64. The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
a. Unicellular chytrid
b. Unicellular yeast
c. Plant
d. Multicellular fungus
e. Flagellated protist

Back 63

E

Front 64

65. Nematodes and Arthropods share which characteristic(s)?
a. Post-anal tails
b. Ecdysis
c. True muscle
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 64

E

Front 65

66. Zygosporangia are to zygomycetes as basidia are to
a. basal fungi.
b. chytrids.
c. sac fungi.
d. basidiospores.
e. club fungi.

Back 65

E

Front 66

67. The ascomycetes get their name from which aspect of their life cycle?
a. vegetative growth form
b. asexual spore production
c. sexual structures
d. shape of the spore
e. type of vegetative mycelium

Back 66

C

Front 67

68. Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and
a. mosses.
b. cyanobacteria.
c. green algae.
d. either a or b.
e. either b or c.

Back 67

E

Front 68

69. Movement in the Nematoda primarily involves the use of
a. Circular muscle
b. Longitudinal muscle
c. Both circular and longitudinal muscle, in alternate contractions
d. Neither; contractions occur in cuticle
e. Neither; contractions occur in the bristles

Back 68

B

Front 69

70. Which of the following arise from lateral meristem activity?
a. secondary xylem
b. leaves
c. trichomes
d. tubers (modified roots)
e. all of the above

Back 69

A

Front 70

71. Which of the following is a correct statement about sugar movement in phloem?
a. Diffusion can account for the observed rates of transport.
b. Movement can occur both upward and downward in the plant.
c. Sugar is translocated from sink to source.
d. Only phloem cells with nuclei can perform sugar movement.
e. Sugar transport does not require energy.

Back 70

B

Front 71

72. What are the three main chemical elements upon which plant growth and development depend?
a. nitrogen; carbon; oxygen
b. potassium; carbon; oxygen
c. oxygen; carbon; hydrogen
d. phosphorus; nitrogen; oxygen
e. sulfur; nitrogen; phosphorus

Back 71

C

Front 72

73. Which of the following chemical elements is incorrectly paired with its function in a plant?
a. nitrogen—component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, coenzymes
b. magnesium—component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes
c. phosphorus—component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, ATP, several coenzymes
d. potassium—cofactor functional in protein synthesis; osmosis; operation of stomata
e. sulfur—component of DNA; activates some enzymes

Back 72

E

Front 73

74. In the amniotic egg, the structure responsible for waste storage is the
a. Chorion
b. Amnion
c. Embryo
d. Allantois
e. Yolk sac

Back 73

D

Front 74

75. Which of the following is the actual sting in hydras and jellyfish?
a. Cnidocyst
b. Nematocyst
c. Cnidoblast
d. Osculum
e. Medusa

Back 74

B

Front 75

1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of all animals?
a. Multicellular body plan
b. Heterotrophic
c. Composed of nerves and contractile tissues
d. Has no cell walls
e. Dominant life stage is diploid

Back 75

C

Front 76

2. Which animal group exhibits a pseudocoelom?
a. Nematoda
b. Platyhelminthes
c. Annelida
d. Mammalia
e. Amphibia

Back 76

A

Front 77

3. Cnidaria have radial symmetry and have
a. Only one germ layer
b. Two germ layers
c. Three germ layers
d. Three germ layers and a primitive nerve net

Back 77

B

Front 78

4. Nematodes and Arthropods share which characteristic(s)?
a. Post-anal tails
b. Ecdysis
c. True muscle
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 78

E

Front 79

5. Ascidians exhibit all of the features below except:
a. Post-anal tail
b. Stomach
c. Paired dorsal nerve cords
d. Notochord
e. Gills

Back 79

C

Front 80

6. Which of the following animals has no jaws?
a. Coelocanth
b. Lamprey
c. Placoderm
d. A and B
e. B and C

Back 80

B

Front 81

7. Tiktaalik is a fossil in the evolutionary line leading immediately to the
a. Tetrapoda
b. Osteichthyes
c. Chondrychthyes
d. Urochordata
e. Cephalocordata

Back 81

A

Front 82

8. Which of the following features is not a characteristic of the amniotic egg?
a. Allantois
b. Chorion
c. Amnion
d. Yolk sac
e. Gastrovascular cavity

Back 82

E

Front 83

9. The photosynthetic cells in the interior of a leaf are what kind of cells?
a. parenchyma
b. epidermis
c. sclerenchyma
d. phloem
e. cortex

Back 83

A

Front 84

10. Basidia produce spores by a process known as
a. decomposition.
b. mitosis.
c. meiosis.
d. hyphae.
e. binary fission.

Back 84

C

Front 85

11. A heterosporous plant is one that
a. produces a gametophyte that bears both antheridia and archegonia.
b. produces microspores and megaspores, which give rise to male and female gametophytes.
c. produces spores all year long instead of during just one season.
d. produces two kinds of spores, one asexually by mitosis and the other sexually by meiosis.
e. reproduces only sexually.

Back 85

B

Front 86

12. According to the ABC model of floral development, a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals
and petals but no stamens or carpels would express
a. A genes only.
b. B genes only.
c. C genes only.
d. A and B genes only.
e. A and C genes only.

Back 86

D

Front 87

13. Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?
a. the development of seeds
b. alternation of generations
c. dominance of the diploid generation
d. xylem
e. phloem

Back 87

A

Front 88

14. Gymnosperms differ from ferns because they
a. have vascular tissue.
b. have macrophylls.
c. have pollen.
d. have sporophytes.
e. have spores.

Back 88

C

Front 89

15. Which traits are shared by modern gymnosperms and angiosperms?
1. pollen transported by wind
2. tracheids
3. microscopic gametophytes
4. sepals
5. endosperm
a. 1, 2, 3, and 5
b. 1 and 3
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1, 3, and 5
e. 2, 4, and 5

Back 89

C

Front 90

16. What is the primary role of a mushroom's underground mycelium?
a. absorbing nutrients
b. anchoring
c. sexual reproduction
d. asexual reproduction
e. protection

Back 90

A

Front 91

17. Which of the following is a true statement about reproduction in mosses?
a. Because moss sporophytes depend on gametophytes for nutrition, mosses do not have
alternation of generations.
b. Both male and female moss gametophytes produce gametangia.
c. Moss gametangia protect gametes from excess water.
d. Eggs and sperm of bryophytes are both motile and swim toward one another.
e. Mosses are limited to asexual reproduction.

Back 91

B

Front 92

18. Carnivorous adaptations of plants mainly compensate for soil that has a relatively low content of
a. potassium.
b. nitrogen.
c. calcium.
d. water.
e. phosphate.

Back 92

B

Front 93

19. All of the following cell types are correctly matched with their functions except
a. mesophyll-photosynthesis
b. guard cell-regulation of transpiration
c. sieve-tube member-photosynthate transport
d. vessel element-water transport
e. companion cell-formation of secondary xylem and phloem

Back 93

E

Front 94

20. The members of which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related to each other?
a. prokaryotes and echinoderms
b. chordates and bryophytes
c. fungi and animals
d. ferns and fungi
e. hogworts and stoneworts

Back 94

C