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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 facts of the modern cell theory
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i. All living things are made of one or more cells
ii. Cells are the smallest unit of living things iii. Cells only come from other cells |
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Define prokaryotic cells
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Don't have a nucleus
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Define eukaryotic cells
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Cells with a nucleus
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Function of a plasma membrane
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Selectively permeable, important for transporting things into and out of cells
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What makes up the basic structure of the plasma membrane?
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Phospholipid bilayer
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4 main components of a plasma membrane
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i. phospholipid bilayer
ii. proteins iii. carbohydrates iv. cholesterol |
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What is the role of the Nucleus?
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Stores genetic material and regulates cell activity
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Define cytoplasm
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Everything in the cell except for the nucleus
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Define cytosol
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Everything in the cell except for the organelles
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What are the two regions of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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i. Rough E.R.
ii. Smooth E.R. |
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Define Rough E.R.
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Flattened sacks that have ribosomes (protein synthesis)
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Define Smooth E.R.
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Tubules (Lipid synthesis and detoxification)
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What's the function of ribosomes?
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Translation
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What are the two populations of ribosomes?
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i. Free ribosomes in the cytosol
ii. membrane bound ribosomes on the rough E.R. |
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What is the function of vesicles?
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Transportation
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What are the two types of vesicles?
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i. Transport vesicles (in cells)
ii. Secretory vesicles (outside cells) |
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What is the function of vacuoles?
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-Storage/transport
-degradation -regulates volume |
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
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Modifies proteins and sorts them to be transported by the vesicles
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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Contains HYDROLITIC enzymes which help digest substances
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What two processes are lysosomes a part of?
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i. phagocytosis
ii. autophagy |
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What is the function of peroxisomes?
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Breaks down molecules with oxygen
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What is the difference between lysosomes and peroxisomes?
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Peroxysomes use oxygen to break things down.
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What is the function of mitochondria?
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Provides energy / powerhouse of the cell
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What's the function of the cytoskeleton?
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supports scaffolding for organelles and allows things to be transported over it
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3 main fibers in cytoskeleton
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i. microtubules (largest)
ii. actin filamint (smallest) iii. intermediate filament |
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What are the roles of the actin fillamints?
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i. muscle contraction
ii. cell division |
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What are the roles of the microtubules?
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i. forms mitotic spindles to seperate chromosomes
ii. act as rails |
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What are the three organelles only used in plants?
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Cell walls, plastids and central vacuoles
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What's the function of cell walls?
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Protect the cell
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What's the function of plastids?
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Produces energy and stores things
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What are the three types of plastids?
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i. chromoplasts (pigments)
ii. Leucoplasts (stores starch) iii. Cholorplasts (contains chlorophyll) |
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What's the function of a central vacuole? (4)
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Stores excess water, sugar, waste and ions
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Why are cells so small?
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When they're smaller, things can be exchanged quicker
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What are two other ways to increase SA:volume ratio?
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i. cytoplasmic extension
ii. altered shape - flat |
