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239 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is false about a cell? a. Cells come from pre-existing cells. b. An organisms consists of at least 1 cell. c. The genetic material of a cell is DNA. d. Cells are highly organized. e. Cells do not require energy from the environment. |
E. Cells do not require energy from the environment. |
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Which of the following is nota level of organization single cell organisms, like a paramecium, has? a. atoms b. molecules c. organelles d. cell e. tissue |
E. Tissue |
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Which of the following is false about the diagram below? a. The diagram is a phylogenetic tree. b. The diagram illustrates the evolutionary relationship between the organisms in the diagram. c. The lamprey has a vertebral column. d. The diagram above helps scientists understand the process of evolution. e. The salamander has an amniotic egg. |
E. The salamander has an amniotic egg. |
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An adaptation… a. increases an organisms reproductive success. b. is a characteristic that plays a role in increase the number of offspring an organisms has. c. is selected for by environmental factors. d. must be beneficial in any environment. e. a, b and c are correct |
E. a, b and c are correct |
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Organisms eat food… a. to gain energy from the environment to use to drive cellular energy. b. to convert environmental molecules to biological ones. c. because of the genetic differences. d. to make natural selection happen. e. both a and b are correct |
E. both a and b are correct |
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The mechanism for evolution that Darwin proposed is called… a. biological evolution. b. adaptation. c. natural selection. d. cell theory. e. hierarchy of organization |
C. natural selection. |
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The hierarchy of organization of an organism from largest to smallest is… a. atom, molecule, organelle,cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism b. organisms,organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom c. atom, molecule, organ, cell,tissue, organelle, organ system, organism d. organisms, population,community, ecosystem, biosphere e. none of the above is correct |
B. organisms, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule, atom |
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_____________________ is a process in nature in which organisms possess certain genetic characteristics that make them better adjusted to an environment, reproduce more, increase in number or frequency, and therefore, are able to transmit and perpetuate their essential genetic qualities to succeeding generations. a. Evolutionary speciation b. Natural selection c. Adaptational selection d. The scientific method e. Hierarchy of organization |
B. Natural selection |
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An example of comparative biology… a. is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of closely related species. b. is the comparison of members of 2 groups that are treated exactly the same except for 1 factor. c. is always done in the field. d. is the study of the effects of magnesium on tomato plant productivity. e. is never used in biology anymore. |
A. is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of closely related species. |
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A provisional insight into a biological phenomenon that is not yet confirmed is a(n)___________________________. a. observation b. prediction c. hypothesis d. experiment e. conclusion |
C. hypothesis |
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11. Put the following steps of the scientific method in order. I. experimentation II. draw conclusions III. make a prediction IV. observation V. hypothesize a. I, II, III, IV, V b. IV, III, I, V, II c. V, III, I, II, VI d. IV, V, III,I, II e. there is no specified order |
D.IV, V, III, I, II |
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The key purpose of any single experiment is to a. obtain accurate quantitative measurements. b. prove unambiguously that a particular hypothesis is correct. c. avoid comparative analysis. d. answer as many key questions as possible. e. test predictions that are based on hypotheses. |
E. test predictions that are based on hypotheses. |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following 6 questions. |
a. dependent variable b. Independent variable c. Control variable d. Hypothesis e. Prediction |
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____ The length of a bird’s tail affects its reproductive success. |
D. Hypothesis |
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____ Six birds with short tails, 11 birds with long tails and 8 birds with normal length tails. |
E. Prediction |
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____ The length of the birds’ tails. |
B. Independent variable |
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____ How the tails are reapplied to the bird. |
C. Control variable |
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____ The number of nests each male bird has. |
A. dependent varialbe |
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Why is it important that the mean number of nests/male be very similar for the control and the cut & re-glued groups? a. The control group is used to make sure that the cutting and gluing process are not having an effect. b. The cut & re-glued group is used to determine any effect the cutting and re-gluing process might have on the outcome of the experiment. c. The control group is necessary to make sure that the experiment is not having a detrimental effect on the birds. d. The control and the cut & re-glued groups are necessary to make sure that birds are treated in different ways between the 2 groups. e. both a and b are correct |
B. The cut & re-glued group is used to determine any effect the cutting and re-gluing process might have on the outcome of the experiment. |
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Which is not a characteristic of a hypothesis? a. It must be testable. b. It must be falsifiable. c. It must be a question. d. It must indicate a difference between at least 2 groups. e. noneof these are correct, all of the above are characteristics of hypotheses. |
C. It must be a question. |
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In order to be accepted, hypothesis must be supported by… a. data. b. facts. c. laws. d. theories. e. b and c are correct |
a. data. |
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A possible hypothesis for this data is: The use of prescription drugs in the US varies over the average person’s lifespan. Does this data below support this hypothesis? a. No, in every group there are uses of 1, 2,3-4, and more than 5 prescription drugs in that month. b. No, there is not a significant difference between 0-11 and 12-13. c. Yes, all of the groups have similar patterns with the largest percent at the lower prescription numbers than at the higher. d. Yes, the percent of prescription drugs used by individuals increases with increasing age. e. Since the percent of individuals that do notuse any prescription drugs is not give, no assessment of the data can be made. |
D. Yes, the percent of prescription drugs used by individuals increases with increasing age. |
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22. Which of the following is most correct: a. Accepting or rejecting a hypothesis is the same as proving whether ornot the hypothesis is true. b. You can accept or reject a hypothesis, but never prove it to be true. c. You can prove a hypothesis to be true. d. You can prove a hypothesis to be false. e. None of the above is correct |
B. You can accept or reject a hypothesis, but never prove it to be true. |
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Which is false about a controlled experiment?a. The control group is identical to each test group except for one variable. b. A controlled experiment tests all the factors at one time by using comparisons of only control variables. c. A control group is the part of an experiment that provides a reliable standard of comparison. d. By comparing one variable at a time, all other variables being kept constant, the results should be due to the variable being altered. e. The experimental group is a group of individuals that are exposed to the factor being examined. |
B. A controlled experiment tests all the factors at one time by using comparisons of only control variables. |
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A pattern or relationship that has been established based on a large amount of experimental data is a(n)… a. observation. b. hypothesis. c. prediction. d. law. e. rule. |
D. Law |
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Match the following: |
a. an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons b. an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds c. the center of an atom consisting of at least 1 proton and usually neutrons d. a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another and encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms e. the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
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____atomic number |
E. The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element |
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____ nucleus |
C. The center of an atom consisting of at least 1 proton and usually neutrons |
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____ ion |
A. An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
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____ molecule |
B. an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds |
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____chemical reaction |
D. A process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another and encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms |
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What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride? a. NaCl b. Na2Cl2 c. Na2Cl d. NaCl2 e. NaClCl |
A. NaCl |
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How many bonds form between 2 oxygen atoms when a molecule of oxygen gas is formed? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4 |
C. 2 |
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Which of the following is(are) non-polar? a. H2O b. CO2 and O2 c. C6H12O6 d. NH3 and H2O e. H2O and O2 |
B. CO2 and O2 |
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When the electrons are shared evenly in a chemical bond the chemical bond is ____________. When the electrons are shared unevenly in a chemical bond the chemical bond is ____________. a. ionic…covalent b. covalent…ionic c. polar…non-polar d. nonpolar…polar e. polar…ionic |
D. nonpolar…polar |
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How many electrons does an ion of calcium (Ca++)have? a. 18 b. 19 c. 20 d. 21 e. 22 |
A. 18 |
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Which is the attraction between oppositely charged particles? a. ionic interactions b. covalent bonds c. hydrogen-bonds d. van der waals e. hydrophobic interactions |
A. ionic interactions |
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Which of the following has the highest bond energy? a. ionic interactions b. covalent bonds c. hydrogen-bonds d. van der waals e. hydrophobic interactions |
B. covalent bonds |
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The diagram below illustrates a(n) _________________. a. ionic bond b. polar covalent bond c. non-polar covalent bond d. hydrogen bond e. van der waals interaction |
D. hydrogen bond |
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When a substance does not interact with water it… a. is called hydrophobic b. is called hydrophilic c. can be non-polar d. can be polar e. both a and c are correct |
E. both a and c are correct |
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Which type of bond(s) cannot be broken by boiling or extremes in pH? a. ionic bonds b. polar and non-polar covalent bonds c. hydrophobic interactions d. hydrogen bonds e. van der waals interactions |
B. polar and non-polar covalent bonds |
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Match the following. |
a. the dissolved substances in aliquid b. the energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance 1 degree C c. the liquid that particles are dissolved in d. mass per unit volume. e. elastic tendency of liquids leading to an object that is denser than water being able to float |
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____ specific heat |
B. the energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance 1 degree C |
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____ surface tension |
E. elastic tendency of liquids leading to an object that is denser than water being able to float |
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____ solute |
A. the dissolved substances in aliquid |
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____ solvent |
C. the liquid that particles are dissolved in |
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Match the following |
a. NaOH → Na+ + OH- b. H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3- c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 d. a substance that has little change in pH when a base is added e. C6H12O6 |
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____ acid |
B.H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3- |
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____ base |
A. NaOH → Na+ + OH- |
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____ buffer |
D. a substance that has little change in pH whena base is addedr |
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____ non-polar molecule |
C. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3mK9Cr |
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Which of the following is paired correctly? (See pictures on the following cards) a. phosphate group- b. alcohol or hydroxyl group- c. amino group- d. carboxylic acid group- e. all of the above are paired correctly, none are paired incorrectly |
E. All of the above are paired correctly |
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Phosphate Group |
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Alcohol or hydroxyl group |
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Amino group |
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Carboxylic acid group |
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Which of the following is not a molecule? a. C6H12O6 b. H2O c. CO2 d. CH2 e. all of the above are molecules. |
D. CH2 |
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Based on the diagram below, which of the following is(are) the reactant(s)? a. only H2 b. only O2 c. both H2 and O2 d. H2O e. single atoms of hydrogen and atoms of oxygen |
C. both H2 and O2 |
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True (A) or False (B): Changing states, such as going from water to vapour or water to ice, are chemical reactions. |
False (B) |
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Which of the following is not a type of chemical reaction? a. synthesis reaction b. decomposition reaction c. single displacement reactions d. double displacement reaction e. saturation construction reaction |
E. saturation construction reaction |
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In order for a chemical reaction to occur ___________ must be broken and new ___________ must form. a. products…reactants b. bonds…reactants c. products…bonds d. bonds…bonds e. synthesis…decomposition book |
D. bonds…bonds |
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Balance the following equation: C6H12O6 + ___O2 → ___CO2 + ___H2O a. 1…1…1 b. 2…2…2 c. 1…6…6 d. 6…2…2 e. 6…6…6 |
E. 6…6…6 |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following 3 questions. |
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What type of chemical reaction is illustrated above? a. condensation b. dehydration c. synthesis d. hydrolysis e. saturation construction |
D. hydrolysis |
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Which term(s) describe(s) the chemical labeled A in the diagram above? a. reactant b. product c. monomer d. polymer e. both b and c are correct |
E. both b and c are correct |
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Water is a ____________________ in the reaction above. a. reactant b. product c. monomer d. polymer e. both a and c are correct |
A. reactant |
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A ______________________ is a large molecule composed of many repeated subunits. a. reactant b. product c. monomer d. polymer e. dimer |
D. polymer |
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Which of the following is not paired correctly? a. proteins- amino acids b. carbohydrates- monosaccharides c. lipids-amino phosphates d. nucleic acids- nucleotides e. all of the above are paired correctly, none are paired incorrectly |
C. lipids- amino phosphates |
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In a condensation reaction… a. a water molecule is added between the subunits. b. a water molecule is removed from between the subunits. c. an amino group is separated from an acid group. d. the reactant is a polymer e. the products are monomers. |
B. a water molecule is removed from between the subunits. |
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When you eat a steak you digest the steak before the nutrients can be absorbed. Digestion takes place via… a. condensation reactions. b. hydrolysis. c. high pH which breaks the bonds. d. low pH which break the bonds. e. both c and d are correct |
B. Hydrolysis |
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How many water molecules would be needed to hydrolyze a molecule of insulin which consists of 51 amino acids? a. 52 b. 51 c. 50 d. 46 e. there is not enough information to answer the question. |
C. 50 |
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Which of the following is a carbohydrate? (See the pictures on the following flashcards) a. c. d. e. |
A. |
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a. |
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b. |
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c. |
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d. |
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e. |
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Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates? a. components of nucleic acids b. stored energy transport c. storage of energy d. cell to cell signaling e. visual recognition of others |
E. visual recognition of others |
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Which carbohydrate is important in the storage of glucose in animals? a. starch b. glycogen c. cellulose d. chitin e. deoxyribonucleic acids |
B. glycogen |
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Which of the polymers below has a nitrogen containing group on each of the glucose molecules that make up the polymer? a. starch b. glycogen c. cellulose d. chitin e. deoxyribonucleic acids |
D. chitin |
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Match the following macromolecule with the subunits they consist of. |
See pictures below |
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____ DNA |
E. |
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____ lipids |
C. |
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____ RNA |
D. |
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____ protein |
A. |
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Which of the following are water insoluble? a. steroid hormones b. triglycerides c. glucose d. nucleic acids e. both a and b are correct |
E. both a and b are correct |
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Which of the following is a polymer? (see pictures on the following cards) a. b. d. e. All of the above are polymers |
B. |
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A. |
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B. |
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C. |
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D. |
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Use thediagram below to answer the following 3 questions.
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Which of the following is incorrect? a. The structure labeled 1 is the phosphate group. b. The structure labeled 2 is the pentose sugar. c. The structure labeled 3 is the nitrogenous base. d. The nitrogenous base is a purine. |
D. The nitrogenous base is a purine. |
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The covalent bond between this nucleotide and the next nucleotide will form… a. at carbon #2 of the sugar. b. at carbon #3 of the sugar. c. at carbon #4 of the sugar. d. by removing the phosphate group. e. at the end of the nitrogenous base. |
B. at carbon #3 of the sugar. |
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True(A) or False(B): Each nucleotide must be assembled before they can be polymerized into a nucleic acid. |
True (A) |
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Match the following. |
a. perform chemical reactions b. chemical messengers (hormones) c. fat storage in animals d. codes for proteins e. main component of cell membranes |
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____ triglyceride |
C. fat storage in animals |
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____ phospholipid |
E.main component of cell membranes |
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____ enzymes |
A. perform chemicalreactions |
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____ cholesterol derivatives |
B. chemical messengers (hormones) |
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____ DNA |
D. codes for proteins |
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Which of the following is false about DNA? a. A molecule of DNA consists of 2 polymer strands. b. DNA has thymine, guanine, adenosine, and uracil. c. DNA has only a hydrogen atom attached to carbon #2 of the sugar. d. The strands of a DNA molecule are in opposite orientation. e. a none of the above are false, all of the above are true. |
B. DNA has thymine, guanine, adenosine, and uracil. |
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Which of the following will not denature a protein? a. higher than optimal pH b. lower than optimal pH c. higher than optimal temperature d. lower than optimal temperature e. all of the above will denature an enzyme |
D. lower than optimal temperature |
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The graph below represents the transport of nitrate across the wall of the digestive system. This transport is performed by a protein transporter. What is the optimal temperature of this transporter protein? a. ~20 C b. ~30 C c. ~40 C d. 50 C e. 10-50 C |
C.~40 C |
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You look at the label on a container of shortening and see “hydrogenated vegetable oil.” This means that during processing the number of carbon–carbon double bonds in the oil was decreased. What is the result of decreasing the number of double bonds? a. The oil now has a lower melting point. b. The oil is probably a solid at room temperature. c. There are more “kinks” in the fatty acid chains. d. The oil is now a derivative carbohydrate. e. The fatty acid is now a triglyceride. |
B. The oil is probably a solid at room temperature. |
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Use figure 5.6 to answer this question. At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid? |
C |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following 4 questions. |
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The highest level of protein structure the protein in the diagram possesses is… a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary d. penternary |
C. tertiary |
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In the diagram, A is… a. an ionic bond. b. a hydrogen bond. c. a disulfide bond. d. a reverse bond |
B. a hydrogen bond. |
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In the diagram above, B is… a. a hydrogen bond. b. a disulfide bond. c. a reverse bond. |
B. a disulfide bond. |
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In the diagram above,C is… a. primary structure b. a secondary structure. c. an alpha helix. d. a beta pleated sheet e. both b and c are correct |
E. both b and c are correct |
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Use the diagram belowto answer the following 2 questions. |
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What is the optimal temperature for the enzyme for the organisms represented by the line labeled A. a. 4 degrees C b. 37 degrees C c. 95 degrees C d. 40 degrees C |
C. 95 degrees C |
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What is the reason the enzyme has a decreases reaction rate, where the graph is labeled B? a. The enzyme has denatured. b. The molecules are moving at a slow rate and make contact with the enzyme in frequently. c. The pH is too low. d. The pH is too high. e. The pH is too acidic. |
B. The molecules are moving at a slow rate and make contact with the enzyme in frequently. |
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Use the diagram below to answer the next 6 questions. |
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The enzyme catalyzed reaction above is… a. endergonic b. exergonic c. anabolic d. catabolic e. both a and c are correct |
E. both a and c are correct |
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In the diagram above, the enzyme is labeled _______. a. A and B b. C c. D d. E e. A, B, and D |
C. D |
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In the diagram above, the active site is labeled _______. a. A and B b. C c. D d. E e. A, B, and D |
D. E |
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In the diagram above, the product is labeled _______. a. A and B b. C c. D d. E e. A, B, and D |
B. C |
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In the diagram above, the substrate is labeled _______. a. A and B b. C c. D d. E e. A, B, and D |
A. A and B |
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The enzyme substrate complex is labeled? a. A and B b. C c. C and D d. D and E e. A, B, and D |
E. A, B, and D |
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There are 2 main ways cells store energy. What are they? a. chemical bonds and diffusion b. chemical bonds and osmosis c. chemical bonds and electrochemical gradients d. diffusion and osmosis e. electrochemical gradients and diffusion |
C. chemical bonds and electrochemical gradients |
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Competitive inhibitors of enzymes work by a. fitting into the active site. b. fitting into a site other than the active site. c. altering the shape of the enzyme. d. changing the enzyme into an inactive form. e. increasing the activation energy of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. |
A. fitting into the active site. |
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Use the diagram of glycolysis below to answer the following 3 questions. |
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Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction NAD+ + Pi → NADH + H+? a. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate b. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase c. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate d. enolase e. none of the above is correct |
B. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
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What is the substrate for hexokinate? a. glucose b. glucose 6-phosphate c. glycolysis d. phospholugose isomerase e. pyruvate |
A. Glucose |
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What builds up in the cell if enolase does not work? a. glucose b. pyruvate c. 2-phosphoglycerate d. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) e. all of the above |
C. 2-phosphoglycerate |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following 2 questions. |
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True (A) or False (B): The exergonic reaction is the synthesis of A and B. |
False (B) |
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The amount of energy lost as heat is… a. +3.4 kcal/mol b. -7.3 kcal/mol c. -2.1 kcal/mol d. -12.5 kcal/mol e. -3 kcal/mol |
C. -2.1 kcal/mol |
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True (A) or False (B): An endergonic reaction fuel by the breakdown of ATP to ADP can consume more than 7.3 kcal/mol of energy. |
False (B) |
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Which of the following reactions is the exergonic reaction that fuels most of a cell’s activity? a. ADP + Pi → ATP b. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi c. Sucrose → fructose + glucose d. Triglyceride → 2 fatty acid chains + glycerol e. None of the above |
B. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi |
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Which of the following statements about the reaction shown below is true? a. It is an endergonic reaction. b. The reactants have less energy than the products. c. Energy is released during this reaction. d. The reaction can be reversed without the addition of activation energy. |
C. Energy is released during this reaction. |
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In the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase, the rate of reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol increases as the concentration of acetaldehyde is increased. Eventually, the rate of the reaction reaches a maximum, at which point further increases in the concentration of acetaldehyde have no effect. |
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Why? a. All of the alcohol dehydrogenase molecules are bound to acetaldehyde molecules so the enzyme is saturated. b. At high concentrations of acetaldehyde, the activation energy of the reaction increases. c. The enzyme is no longer specific for acetaldehyde. |
A. All of the alcohol dehydrogenase molecules are bound to acetaldehyde molecules so the enzyme is saturated. |
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Which of the following statements about enzymes is false? a. An enzyme changes shape when it binds to a substrate. b. Enzyme slower the activation energy. c. Enzymes are highly specific. d. An enzyme can lose its 3-dimensional shape. e.Most enzymes are much smaller than their substrates. |
E. Most enzymes are much smaller than their substrates. |
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Which of the following is not a component of the plasma membrane? a. bilipid layer b. proteins c. cholesterol d. carbohydrates e. steroids |
E. steroids |
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The type of transport does not requires cellular energy… a. diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated transport d. active transport e. a, b and c are correct |
E. a, b and c are correct |
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What is one of the ways that the membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold? a. by increasing the percentage of phospholipids in the membrane b. by decreasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane c. by decreasing the number of peripheral proteins in the membrane |
B. by decreasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membrane |
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Which of the following is a characteristic feature of all carrier proteins? a. They exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule. b. They is a peripheral membrane protein. c. They requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function. d. They works against diffusion. e. They have few, if any, hydrophobic amino acids. |
A. They exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule. |
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Use the diagram below to answer the following 3 questions. |
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What is the item labeled B? a. carrier protein b. peripheral protein c. phospholipid d. glycolipid e. glycoprotein |
E. glycoprotein |
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What is the item labeled D? a. carrier protein b. peripheral protein c. integral protein d. glycolipid e. glycoprotein |
B. peripheral protein |
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What is the item labeled F? a. carrier protein b. peripheral protein c. integral protein d. transmembrane protein e. both c and d are correct |
E. both c and d are correct |
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Which of the following is not paired correctly a. facilitated transport: the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration with the aid of a transporter protein b. diffusion: movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration c. active transport: the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration using a gated channels and ADP. d. osmosis: the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low particle concentration to a region of high particle concentration e. all of the above are paired correctly |
C. active transport: the movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration using a gated channels and ADP. |
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When a RBC which contains a 0.9% solution is placed in a 2% solution, what will happen to the cell? a. The cell will shrivel. b. The cell will undergo lysis. c. The cell will remain unchanged. d. The cell will become flaccid. e. The cell will undergo plasmolysis |
A. The cell will shrivel. |
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What kinds of molecules diffuse through a cell membrane most easily? a. small hydrophobic b. large hydrophobic c. large polar d. ionic e. monosaccharides such as glucose |
A. small hydrophobic |
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A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water, equal to the volume of blood lost, is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion? a. It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria. b. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. c. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. d. The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid is hypertonic compared to the cells. |
B. The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid is hypotonic compared to the cells. |
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The movement of proteins across the plasma membrane that results in the incorporation of a vesicle into the plasma membrane is called? a. exocytosis b. receptor mediated endocytosis c. endocytosis d. vesicular regeneration |
A. exocytosis |
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When sodium ion (Na+) concentrations are _________ in the blood stream than inside the cells, Na+ can be transported into the cell by ________, which ________ energy. a. higher…facilitated diffusion…does not require b. lower…active transport…requires c. equal…diffusion…requires d. equal…osmosis…does not require e. both a and b are correct |
E. both a and b are correct |
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Carbon dioxide moves unaided across the bilipid layer from high concentration to low concentration. What process accounts for this movement? a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. endocytosis |
A. simple diffusion |
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If a saltwater fish cell has a concentration of 1.5 % sodium (Na+) and the cell is placed in pond water with a concentration of 0.1%, the water will move _______________ the cell.a. into b. out of c. equally in and out of d. around the cell |
A. into |
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When particles are moved from a region where the concentration is 0.5% to a region where the concentration is 2%, __________ is occurring. a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. endocytosis |
D. active transport |
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Use the diagram belowto answer the following 2 questions. |
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The process illustrated below is…? a. osmosis b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. exocytosis e. endocytosis |
D. exocytosis |
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What is the structure labeled A? a. cell membrane b. nucleus c. organelle d. vesicle e. secretions |
D. vesicle |
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Which of the following require a protein? a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. both c and d |
E. both c and d |
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When glucose moves along the concentration gradient it is transported across the plasma membrane via… a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. facilitated diffusion d. active transport e. endocytosis |
C. facilitated diffusion |
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When a cell with an internal concentration of 1% is placed in a solution with a 5% concentration the cell is ______ to the solution. a. hypertonic b. hypotonic c. isotonic d. retrotonic e. all of the above are correct |
B. hypotonic |
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Aquaporins aid in the movement of _______ across the plasma membrane. a. carbon dioxide b. oxygen gas c. water d. glucose e. all of the above |
C. water |
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True(A) or False (B): Enzymes and carrier proteins can become saturated. |
True (A) |
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Which of the following is correct about cells? a. Living organisms consist of at least one cell. b. Cells divide to generate more cells. c. The hereditary molecule of the cells of all living organisms is DNA. d. both a and b are correct e. a, b and c are correct |
E. a, b and c are correct |
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All cells preform… a. glycolysis b. translation c. transcription d. c and d e. a, b and c |
E. a, b and c |
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Osmosis, diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport require that a cell have a ___________________ in order for there to be a large amount of plasma membrane in relation to a small amount of cytoplasm. a. high surface area to volume ration b. small surface area to volume ration c. large round shape d. a circular or box shape e. large number of organelles |
A. high surface area to volume ration |
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Whatare the 2 types of cells? a. bacteria and archaea b. bacteria and eukaryotic c. bacteria and prokaryotic d. prokaryotic andeukaryotic e. archaea and eukaryotic |
D. prokaryotic and eukaryotic |
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Which of the following characteristics cannot be used to separate prokaryotic cells into different groups? a. flagella b. cell wall c. internal membranes d. capsule e. chromatin |
E. chromatin |
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True (A) or False(B): Some prokaryotic organisms can perform photosynthesis.. |
True (A) |
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Eukaryotic cells have (a) ____________________, which are spaces enclosed by a bilipid membrane that perform specific functions. a. nucleus b. organelles c. transcription d. translation e. chromatin |
B. organelles |
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Match the following |
a. contains digestive enzymes that remove cellular debris and foreign invaders b. determines the maximum size a plant cell can expand to c. synthesis of lipids, such as steroid derivatives d. removal of H2O2 e. protein modification |
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____Smooth ER |
C. synthesis of lipids, such as steroid derivatives |
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____Lysosomes |
A. contains digestive enzymes that remove cellular debris and foreign invaders |
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____Peroxisomes |
D. removal of H2O2 |
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____Cell Wall |
B. determines the maximum size a plant cell canexpand to |
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A eukaryotic cell nucleus… a. has a double membrane envelop. b. has pores in the nuclear envelop. c. is filled with nucleoplasm. d. houses chromatin. e. all of the above are correct |
E. all of the above are correct |
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Which of the following occur in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell? a. DNA replication b. transcription c. translation d. synthesis of rRNA e. all of the aboveoccur in the nucleus |
E. all of the above occur in the nucleus |
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Which of the following is not a function of the plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane determines what enters and exits the cell. b. It makes up the perimeter of the cell. c. The plasma membrane helps cells communicate. d. The plasma membrane can anchor cells down. e. The plasma membrane consists of chromatin. |
E. The plasma membrane consists of chromatin. |
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Photosynthesis… a. occurs in the chloroplast of plant cells. b. is the conversion of inorganic carbon to ahigh energy organic form of carbon using light energy. c. can be expressed as C6H12O6+ energy → CO2 + H2O d. a and b are correct e. a, b and c are correct |
D. a and b are correct |
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The mitochondria… a. is double membrane bound with ribosomes and a circular piece of DNA contained within. b. is where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose. c. is found only in animal cells. d. both a and b are correct e. a, b and c are correct |
A. is double membrane bound with ribosomes and a circular piece of DNA contained within. |
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Plant and animal cells both have… a. endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplast. b. endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoskeleton. c. ribosomes, cell wall, mitochondria, nucleus, and cytoskeleton. d. plastids, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes e. all of the above are correct |
B. endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondria, and cytoskeleton. |
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Where in a cell is ATP synthesized? a. Golgi apparatus b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. mitochondria e. peroxisomes |
D. mitochondria |
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Protein hormones, such as insulin, are exocytosed via a __________________. a. secretory vesicle b. transport vesicle c. vacuole d. centrosome e. ribosome |
A. secretory vesicle |
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The function of the ribosome is… a. protein synthesis. b. translation. c. the synthesis of a chain of amino acids using the information encoded in an RNA molecule. d. the same in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. e. all of the above are correct |
E. all of the above are correct |
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The exterior surface of the _____________________ is coated with ribosomes and is where protein modification occurs. a. endoplasmic reticulum b. smooth ER c. rough ER d. Golgi apparatus e. plasma membrane |
C. rough ER |
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Chromatin consists of… a. RNA and DNA b. DNA and proteins c. RNA and proteins d. nucleoid and proteins e. nucleoplasm and DNA |
B. DNA and proteins |
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Matchthe following organelles with their picture. |
____cytoskeleton ____ nucleus ____ rough ER ____mitochondria ____ centrosome |
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____ cytoskeleton |
E. |
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____nucleus |
D. |
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____rough ER |
C. |
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____mitochondria |
A. |
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____ centrosome |
B. |
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What is(are) unique to animal cells? a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. lysosomes d. endoplasmic reticulum e. both a and c are correct |
C. lysosomes |
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What do plant cells have that animal cells do not? a. mitochondria, chloroplasts and ribosomes b. chloroplasts and lysosomes c. chloroplasts, cell wall and plasmodesmata d. chloroplasts, centrioles, and cellular junctions e. chloroplasts, cell walls, and intracellular junction |
C. chloroplasts, cell wall and plasmodesmata |
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Heart muscle cells are active all of the time and require a large amount of energy. They must have a large number of… a. nuclei. b. mitochondria. c. chloroplasts. d. ribosomes. e. Golgi apparati. |
B. mitochondria. |
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Immune cells such as phagocytes, remove foreign invaders from the body by engulfing the invaders by way of endocytosis. Phagocytes have a large number of ________________ to remove these invaders. a. vacuoles b. secretory vesicles c. lysosomes d. mitochondria e. centrioles |
C. lysosomes |
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What are the products of glycolysis? a. pyruvate b. ATP and pyruvate c. ATP, Pyruvate and NADH d. ATP, pyruvate, and FADH2 e. none of the above are correct |
C. ATP, Pyruvate and NADH |
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The production of ATP via an enzyme catalyzed reaction is called…? a. cell respiration. b. photosynthesis. c. substrate level phosphorylation d. oxidative phosphorylation e. both a and b are correct |
C. substrate level phosphorylation |
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Which of the following does not occurs in the mitochondria? a. glycolysis b. acetyl CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. electron transport e. all of the above occur in the mitochondria |
A. glycolysis |
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Acetyl CoA is the substrate for… a. Pyruvate oxidation b. the Krebs cycle c. electron transport d. oxidative phosphorylation e. none of the above |
B. the Krebs cycle |
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Electron carriers include… a. NADH b. FADH2 c. NADPH d. NADH and FADH2 e. NADH, FADH2 and NADPH |
E. NADH, FADH2 and NADPH |
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Whatdrives the formation of ATP by ATP synthase? a. the breakdown of carbon dioxide and water b. the breakdown of glucose c. the concentration gradient of protons across the inner mitochondria membrane d. the breakdown of ATP e. all of the above |
C. The concentration gradient of protons across the inner mitochondria membrane |
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When electrons move along the proteins of the electron transport chain… a. hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondria matrix into the intermembrane space. b. sodium ions are pumped across the outer membrane of the mitochondria into the cytoplasm of the cell. c. the electrons gain energy. d. glucose is synthesized in the mitochondria. |
A. hydrogen ions are pumped across the inner mitochondria matrix into the intermembrane space. |
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How many ‘turns’ of the Krebs Cycle occur per glucose molecule? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4 |
C. 2 |
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How many ATP are made per glucose molecule? a. ~10 b. 6 c. ~32 d. ~50 e. ~100 |
C. ~32 |
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Oxidative phosphorylation requires? a. a proton gradient b. ATP synthase c. oxygen d. a and b are correct e. a, b and c are correct |
E. a, b and c are correct |
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What do organisms use oxygen for? a. glycolysis b. oxidative phosphorylation c. photosynthesis d. fermentation e. all of the above |
B. oxidative phosphorylation |
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What is the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis? a. C6H12O6 → 6O2+ 6H2O + 6CO2 b. 6CO2 + 6H2O + 6O2→ C6H12O6 c. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O d. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 e. any of the above is correct |
D. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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True (A) or False (B): Plant cells use some of the oxygen gas and glucose they produce via photosynthesis in the mitochondria for cellular respiration. |
True (A) |
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What high energy molecules are synthesized during the light reactions of photosynthesis? a. NADH and FADH2 b. ATP and ADP c. ADP and NADH d. ATP and NADPH e. ADP + Pi |
D. ATP and NADPH |
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What are the high energy molecules that are synthesized during the light reactions used for? a. They fuel the Calvin Cycle. b. They fuel ATP synthesis. c. They breakdown carbon. d. They fuel ATP synthase. |
A. They fuel the Calvin Cycle. |
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Carbon fixation is…? a. the division of the carbon atoms during cell respiration. b. the chaining of carbon atoms into glucose. c. part of the electron transport chain of cellular respiration. d. part of fermentation. e. part of lactic acid formation |
B. the chaining of carbon atoms into glucose. |
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A plant produces 6 microletres of oxygen in one hour via photosynthesis. The same plant releases 2 microletre of oxygen into the atmosphere in that hour. How much oxygen was used for cell respiration in that hour? a. 8 microletres b. 4 microletres c. 6 microletres d. 2 microletres |
B. 4 microletres |
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The oxygen in the atmosphere comes from a. plants b. algae c. fungi d. cell respiration e. a and b are correct |
E. a and b are correct |
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Organisms that require oxygen are called _____________ and organisms that must live in the absence of oxygen are called ________________. a. aerobes…anaerobes b. anaerobes…aerobes c. facultative robes…unfacultative robes d. vertebrates…microbes e. aerobes…microbes |
A. aerobes…anaerobes |
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When oxygen is absent, some organisms perform…? a. glycolysis only b. fermentation only c. glycolysis followedby fermentation d. the light reactions and fermentation e. fermentation and acetyl CoA formation |
C. glycolysis followed by fermentation |
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When muscle cells contract rapidly over a long period they can be starved of oxygen. This leads to the production of _________________ and a subsequent _________________ within the cell. a. ATP…fermentation b. fermentation…ethanol c. lactic acid….increase in pH d. ethanol…decreased acidity e. lacticacid…decrease pH |
E. lactic acid…decrease pH |
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Which of the following is not a function of DNA polymerase? a. Reading the templates strand and covalently bonding together the complementary nucleotides of the newly synthesized strands. b. Removing nucleotides of the newly synthesized strands that are mismatched. c. Removal of the RNA primer. d. Covalently binding Okazaki fragments together. e. Synthesis of both the leading and the lagging strands. |
D. Covalently binding Okazaki fragments together. |
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Which of the following is a function of helicase? a. It separates the strands of a DNA molecule at the origin of replication. b. It unwinding the double helix. c. It breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases. d. both a and c are correct e. a, b and c are correct |
E. a, b and c are correct |
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If a double-stranded DNA molecule contains 20 percent G, it must contain _______ percent T. a. 15 b.20 c. 30 d.40 e. 60 |
C. 30 |
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Which of the following molecular models describes the structure of the DNA molecule a. Single-stranded b.Antiparallel c. Double-stranded d. Helical e. b, c and d are correct |
E. b, c and d are correct |
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The leading and the lagging strands differ in that a. the leading strand is synthesized without a replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized with a replication fork. b. the leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end. c. the leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. d.both a and b |
C. the leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together. |
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Put the following steps of DNA replication in order as they occur in DNA replication. a. IV, II, I, V, III b. IV, II, V, III, I c. II, IV, V, III, I d. IV, III, II, V, I e. none of the above is correctsky_Q |
B. IV, II, V, III, I |
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How many base pairs are in the diagram of DNA below? a. 1 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12 e. None of the above is correct |
B. 6 |
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Genes code for a. enzymes. b. polypeptides. c. RNA. d. both b and c e. All of the above |
E. All of the above |
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The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is in the form of a nucleoid. Before a prokaryotic cell can divide it must copy its DNA. How does the cell copy its DNA? a. transcription b. translation c. replication d. duplication e. RNA processing |
C. replication |
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How many copies of DNA would you have after 4 replication cycles if you started with a single copy? a. 2 b. 4 c. 8 d. 16 e. 32 |
D. 16 |
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DNA replication occurs…? a. in the 5’ to 3’ direction. b. in the 3’ to 5’ direction. c. without RNA. d. without enzymes. e. after the cell has divided. |
A. in the 5’ to 3’ direction. |
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What are Okazaki fragments? a. small fragments of RNA used to silence genes b. small fragments of RNA used to get DNA started c. short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand d. the production of DNA in the from 3’ to 5’ e. proteins that catalyze RNA primers |
C. short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand |
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What holds the 2 strand of the DNA molecule together? a. hydrogen bonds between sugars and phosphates b. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases c. covalent bonds between only the A and T nucleotides d. covalent bonds between only G and T nucleotides e. covalent bonds between all base pairs |
B. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases |
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True (A) or False (B): DNA replication is called semiconservative because half of each of the two new strands of DNA is "old" DNA from the original DNA molecule and half is "new" DNA. |
True (A) |
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True (A) orFalse (B): Mutations are alterations in an organism’s DNA. |
True (A) |
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Matchthe following RNAs with the correct function. |
a. mRNA b. tRNA c. rRNA |
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carries thecorrect amino acid to the ribosome during translation. |
B. tRNA
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is an aminoacid sequence message derived from DNA that is read by ribosomes. |
mRNA |
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isapart of the ribosome and is made in the nucleolus. |
C. rRNA |
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Which of the following statementsabout the reaction on the right shown above is true? a. Itis an endergonic reaction. b. Thereaction absorbs energy. c. Anenzyme can be used to lower the activation energy of the reaction. d. All of the above |
D. All of the above |
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How many phases does the cells go through before entering meiosis? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3 e. 4+ |
C. 3 |
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In Mitosis or Meiosis, what are two processes that will increase genetic variability? a. Independentassortment b. Crossing over c. Both a and b d. Neither of them |
C. Both a and b |
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Central dogma |
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The five rules of Medelian's dihybird cross |
Particulate inhertiance, 2 alleles for each trait/ gene, dominant vs recessive, Law of segregation, independent assortment |
