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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thick epidermal sheet that secretes shell (if there is one)
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Mantle
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Space between mantle and visceral mass.
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Mantle cavity
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Visceral systems discharge into this space
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Mantle cavity
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gills in aquatic mollusks, also filters food in most bivalves
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Ctenidia
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Primary means of locomotion for many
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head-foot
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Sensory organs
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head-foot
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Divide into arms or tentacles in cephalopods
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head-foot
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internal organs
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visceral mass
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is highly reduced, limited to small spaces around the excretory organs, heart, and part of the intestine
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Coelom
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non-digested waste is packaged into solid form
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digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs
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nitrogenous waste removal
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nephridia
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consist of cilia-lined and openings called what?
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Nephridia, nephrostomes
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Tube to excretory pore to mantle cavity
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nephridia
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hemolymph sloshes around hemocoel
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open circulatory system
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gills, heart, tissues, gills, heart
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open circulatory system
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3 chambered heart (atria/ventricles)
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open circulatory system
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what kind of circulatory system to cephalopods have?
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closed circulatory system
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Most mollusks are what?
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dioecious
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a few gastropods are what?
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hermaphroditic
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What do some oysters do?
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Change sex (male then female)
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Fertilization can be what for mollusks?
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internal or external
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What are the classes of mollusks?
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Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda
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Limpets, snails, and slugs
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gastropoda
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A primarily marine group, soe freshwater, and only terrestrial mollusks
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gastropoda
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gliding with foot (Gastropoda)
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locomotion
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Most gastropoda have what kind of shell?
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single shell
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Nerve cords with as many as 6 ganglia terminating in anterior tentacles with eyes
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gastropoda
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Unique among animals, Mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front.
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Torsion
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Spiral winding of the shell
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coiling
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sea slug, are active predators
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Nudibranchs
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Who has exposed gills
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nudibranchs
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Many discrete distasteful chemicals
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nudibranchs
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some extract nematocysts from cnidarian pray and transfer them to their body surface
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nudibranchs
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Clams, scallops, mussels, oysters
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Bivalves
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Most are marine, some freshwater
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bivalves
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No radula or distinct head
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bivalvia
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burrows with foot
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locomotion
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have 2 shells (valves) hinged together. Adductor muscles counter hinge ligament
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bivalves
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Water enters through what and exits through what? (Bivalves)
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Enters- inhalent siphon Exit- exhalent siphon
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no specialized sensory organs (except a few with eyes), 3 sets of paried ganglia. (bivalves)
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Nervous
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Reproduction is what, brooding in gill chambes, larval stage is released? (bivalves)
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internal/external
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generic term for free-swimming lrval stage
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trochophore
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second free swimming larval stage, only in bivalves and most marine snails.
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veliger
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both forms drift widely in the ocean
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trochophore and veliger
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what are larval freshwter clam- parasitic to fish
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glochidia
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More than 600 strictly marine species
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cephalopoda
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active marine predators
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cephalopoda
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circulating water from mantle cavity and out siphon. Cuttle fish have additional fins, not a siphon.
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locomotion
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separate system for respiration and circulation= efficiency
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closed circulatory system
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foot has evoved into a series of arms equipped with suction cups
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beak-like haws, toxic saliva
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largest relative brain sizes amony invertebrates
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cephalopoda
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highly developed nervous system
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cephalopoda
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reproduction is internal, female tends eggs, hatch as juvenile adults
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cephalopoda
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what do living cephalopds lack?
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external shell
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Squid and cuttlefish have what kind of shells
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internal
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What can be ejected from a siphon
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ink
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allow for changing sking color fo camouflage or communication
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chromatophores
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They affect all aspects of human life
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arthropod
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Name the four classes for arthropod
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chelicerates, crustaceans, heaxapods, and myriapods
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Mouthparts are pincers or fangs
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chelicerata
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spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, daddy long-legs, horseshoe crabs
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chelicerata
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mouthparts are mndibles, appendages are biramous (two-branched), the head has two pairs of atennae
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crustacea
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lobsters, crabs, shrimps, isopods, barnacles
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crustacea
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mouthparts are madibles, the body consists of three regions, a head with one pair of antennae, a thorax, and an abdomen, appendages are uniramous (single-branched)
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hexapoda
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insects )beetles, bees, flies, true bugs, grasshoppers, butterflies, termites), springtails
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hexapoda
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in some classes specialized into tagmata. Head, thorax, abdomen. Head and thorax may be fused into cephalothorax or prosoma
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segmentation in arthropod
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Made of chiting and protein, protects agains water loss, must undergo ecdsis- molting
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exoskeleton
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may be modified into antennae, mouthparts, or wings. Can be extended and retracted
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Joi
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double chain of segmented ganglia
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Nervous system, Joi
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ventral ganglia control most activities.
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can eat, move, or copulate with brain removed
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composed of independent visual units called ommatidia
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compound eyes
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may be in addition to compoud eyes, have single lenses, distinguish light from darkness
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simple eyes, or ocelli
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Many marine arthropods have gills
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respiratory system
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some tiny arthropods lack any structure for gas exchange
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respiratory system
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branch into traceoles in direct contact with cells.
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terrestrial arthropods
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Connected to the exterior by spiracles
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valves control water loss
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Many spiders use book lungs
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leaflife plates
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in aquatic arthropods much of th waste diffuses out of gills
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excretory system
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terrestrail insects and some others use what kind of tubules
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malpighian tubules
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eliminates nitrogenous wastes as concentrated uric acid or guanine, efficient concervation of water.
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malpighian tubules
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Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, daddy long-legs, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders
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chelicerata
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May function as fangs or pincers
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anterior appendages called chelicerae
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chelicerae body is in divided into 2 tagmata?
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anterior prosoma bearing all appendages (pedipalps and 4 pairs of walking legs). Posterior opisthosoma contains reproductive organs
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35,000 species
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araneae( spiders)
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silk protein forced out of spinnerets found on the posterior of the abdomen
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silk webs from spiders
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all spiders have what?
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poison glands with channels through their chelicerae
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most diverse of the chelicerates
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Order acari( mites and ticks)
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Most mites are small and what?
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cephalothorax and abdomen are fused into an unsegmented ovoid body
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blood-suckers
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tick are larger
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rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease
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many diseases,mites and ticks
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largely marine, some freshwater
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crustacea
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crabs, shrimps, lobsters, barnacles, crayfish, copepods, pill bugs, sand fleas
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crustacea
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have three tagmata (crustacea)
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cephalon and thorax fused to form a cephalothrorax
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2 pairs of antennae, 3 pairs of appendages for chewing, and various pairs of legs. Most appendages are biramous
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crustacea
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gas exchange through gills or across cuticle
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crustacea
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All crustaceans but barnacles are what?
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Gonochoric
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Several stages before maturity, evidence of common ancestor for diverse group
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nauplius stage
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