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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 phases of the General Adaption Syndrome?
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Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion
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Keratin
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A waterproof substance that accumulates in the epidermal cells as they move toward the skin surface. These cells are known as keratinocytes.
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Melanin
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Skin color determined by melanin, which is produced in the melanocytes, which are in the deepest epidermis
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)/Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
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BCC: Most common, forms in deepest cells of the epidermis. Slow growing, shiny or scaly bump.
SCC: Tumor of upper layers of skin. Develop crusty or scaly and grow rapidly. |
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Sebaceous glands
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Found within hair follicles. (Oil glands)
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Complement system
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Formation of proteins that kills bacteria
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Interferon
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Chemical answer to viral infection. It is a local hormone that is secreted to affect nearby cells. It is a chemical warning that warns nearby cells of a viral attack
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Phagocytes
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Eating cells, cells that wander through tissues eating anything that does not belong.Microphages are small and mainly found in nervous system, and Macrophages are large, actively patrolling cells.
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Why is it called nonspecific (innate) defense?
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They destroy pathogens without distinguishing, or recognizing between them
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What do lymph nodes do?
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Return excess fluid from the tissues to the bloodstream, absorb fats from the intestine and transport them to the bloodstream, and defend the body against specific invaders
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Specific immune system has two ways of combating pathogens:
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Cell mediated (cellular): specialized lymphocytes function directly in any pathogen attack
Antibody-mediated (humoral): specialized lymphocytes function indirectly by helping create disease fighting compounds called antibodies |
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B cells (B lymphocytes):
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mature in Bone marrow, Produce antibodies that are specific to a particular pathogen
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T cells (T lymphocytes):
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Mature in Thymus gland in response to thymic hormones. Do not produce antibodies, but are responsible for stimulating B cells as well as the direct destruction of antigens
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Antibodies
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proteis that remove antigens from the bloodstream, usually by causing them to agglutinate (to clump with other cells due to the adhesion of surface proteins)
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Active immunity
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Your body is exposed to an antigen in the natural course of your life; your immune cells respond and actively combat the pathogen. This is the "trainable" immune system
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Passive immunity
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Occurs when antibodies are transferred without stimulating the immune system. Introduces antibodies with immediate resistance to specific antigens, however the body cannot create more and the immune protection is lost
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Cohort
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A group of organisms sharing a particular characteristic
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Bacteria are Prokaryotic. What is prokaryotic?
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Type of single celled organisms with non membrane bound organelles, usually having only genetic material as organelles. They are either rod shaped or spherical.
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Virus
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A snippet of nucleic acid contained inside a protein coat, called a capsid. Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell, and are not composed of cells.
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