Bio 101 Exam 2

Front 1

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 1

-Do not have nucleus nor distinct organelles
-Do not compartmentalize cellular functions
-Bacteria and Eubacteria

Front 2

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 2

-Membrane bound nucleus and organelles
-Specialized organelle functions
-Plants, animals, and fungi

Front 3

Glycocalyx

Back 3

Formed by the glycoproteins and glycolipids, form the layer called the glycocalyx. Specific to each person, determines blood type and tissue type

Front 4

Movement across the membrane can be passive or active. Passive:

Back 4

Passive movement includes filtration, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion. No energy needed to move material

Front 5

Diffusion

Back 5

-movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration
-Kidneys separate waste products from the blood via filtration

Front 6

The cell membrane is semipermeable:

Back 6

A barrier that allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste products to exit it. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis

Front 7

The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 7

Cells are of similar shapes and sizes

Front 8

The smallest object that can be seen with a transmission electron microscope would be a:

Back 8

Prepared viral specimen

Front 9

The cell membrane is composed of two layers of:

Back 9

phospholipids with proteins and sugars interspersed

Front 10

The thinnest cytoskeletal element, responsible for cellular locomotion and intercellular movements during cell division is the:

Back 10

Microfilaments

Front 11

When vesicles are created in the endoplasmic reticulum, they usually then

Back 11

Fuse with the golgi complex for further processing of the contents

Front 12

The organelle responsible for the convesion of the pollywog to a frog (the loss of the tadpoles tail) is the:

Back 12

lysosome

Front 13

Which of the following has caused scientists to think that mitochondria may have evolved from a symbiotic relationship with a bacterium?

Back 13

-Mitochondria can divide
-Mitochondria have their own proteins and DNA
-Mitochondria have cristae
-TWO OF THESE ARE CORRECT

Front 14

DNA can be found in this organelle:

Back 14

Mitochondria and nucleus

Front 15

One way that cells communicate is via paracrines. These chemical messengers:

Back 15

Are released into tissues, to effect nearby cells only

Front 16

A main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is:

Back 16

Eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not

Front 17

The movement of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration is called:

Back 17

osmosis

Front 18

This form of transport uses energy and moves molecules against or "up" their concentration gradient

Back 18

Active transport

Front 19

When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, water will

Back 19

Move into and out of the cell at an equal rate and not affect the cell

Front 20

Cell to cell junctions which allow for instantaneous communication can be found in which kind of cells?

Back 20

Heart muscle cells

Front 21

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Back 21

Production of ATP

Front 22

T/F: Cellular inclusions are compounds and small molecules dissolved in the cytoplasm, such as glycoproteins and glycolipids

Back 22

False

Front 23

T/F: Endocytosis refers to the movement of substances from the surrounding fluid into the cell and is a form of active transport

Back 23

True

Front 24

T/F: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which large particles are surrounded and engulfed via vesicle formation

Back 24

True

Front 25

T/F: Cilia are long whiplike structures that propel the cell forward

Back 25

False

Front 26

T/F: Nuclear pores allow DNA to escape the nuclear membrane during transcription

Back 26

False

Front 27

T/F:Water cannot cross the phospholipid bilayer unless it travels through a protein channel

Back 27

True

Front 28

T/F: Facilitated transport moves molecules from low molecule concentrations to high molecule concentrations

Back 28

False

Front 29

T/F: In most cases, mitochondria are inherited from both the mother and the father

Back 29

False

Front 30

T/F: Paracrines are secretions produced in one area of the body that travel to and alter the physiological activity of remote cells

Back 30

False

Front 31

T/F: The function of the organelles is to maintain homeostasis

Back 31

True

Front 32

Hypotonic solution

Back 32

Water with a lower concentration of solutes than the cytosol, may cause a cell to burst

Front 33

Hypertonic solution

Back 33

With a higher concentration of solutes, may cause a cell to shrivel up

Front 34

Passive movement includes:

Back 34

Filtration, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion

Front 35

Diffusion

Back 35

Movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration

Front 36

Facilitated diffusion

Back 36

Uses transport proteins. Lipid bilayer has proteins that serve as channels and receptors for aqueous solutes to enter and exit the cell. This is the main way glucose is moved into the cells

Front 37

Active transport:

Back 37

uses energy to move molecules across membranes. Uptake of digested nutrients from the small intestine after you've eaten a meal.

Front 38

Which type of tissue lines the body's cavities?

Back 38

Epithelial

Front 39

What structure would you expect to find on the surface of cells lining the digestive tract where absorption of nutrients occurs?

Back 39

Microvilli

Front 40

What two words are used to classify epithelium in terms of the number of cell layers?

Back 40

Simple and stratified

Front 41

What component of connective tissue is designed for strength?

Back 41

Collagen fibers

Front 42

Which type of cartilage is found in the fetal skeleton?

Back 42

Hyaline cartilage

Front 43

Which of the following is the disease that damages the cartilage inside joints?

Back 43

Osteoarthritis

Front 44

What is unique about bone tissue? it is the

Back 44

only calcified connective tissue

Front 45

Which connective tissue is responsible for cellulite "bumps" on the skin?

Back 45

Adipose

Front 46

What makes skeletal muscle different from other types of muscle tissue?

Back 46

-number and position of nuclei
-voluntary
-no branching
-ALL OF THESE

Front 47

Which cells of nervous tissue are the supporting cells?

Back 47

Neuroglia

Front 48

The heart is an example of an

Back 48

Organ

Front 49

Which of the following organ systems is involved in immunity?

Back 49

Lymphatic

Front 50

What is the endocrines system's function?

Back 50

Regulating growth and development

Front 51

When you lose fluids by sweating and urinating, which system will work to replenish the water?

Back 51

Digestive

Front 52

Which of the following is a tissue?

Back 52

Biceps brachii muscle (not skin, not skull bones)

Front 53

In which cavity is the brain found?

Back 53

Dorsal body cavity

Front 54

How many abdominopelvic regions are there?

Back 54

9

Front 55

The heart is located in the

Back 55

Thoracic cavity

Front 56

The forehead is _____to the mouth

Back 56

Superior

Front 57

The foot is on the ____ part of the lower limb

Back 57

Distal

Front 58

The arm is ____ to the forearm

Back 58

Proximinal

Front 59

T/F: Nervous tissue provides movement and heat

Back 59

False

Front 60

T/F: Salivary glands are exocrine glands

Back 60

True

Front 61

T/F: The matrix of connective tissue can be liquid, gel-like or solid

Back 61

True

Front 62

T/F: Cartilage is the only connective tissue that is vascular which means it has a rich blood supply

Back 62

False

Front 63

T/F: Smooth muscle lines hollow organs like blood vessels and the digestive tract

Back 63

True

Front 64

T/F: The brain, spinal cord, blood vessels and nerves comprise the nervous system

Back 64

False

Front 65

T/F: The cells of connective tissue are held close together by strong cell-to-cell attachments

Back 65

False

Front 66

T/F: In the anatomical position, the person is standing up straight with the arms at the side hanging naturally

Back 66

False

Front 67

T/F: The urinary and reproductive organs are mostly housed within the pelvic cavity

Back 67

True

Front 68

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal and muscular systems as they work together?

Back 68

A) movement and locomotion
B) protection of organs
C) maintenance of upright posture
D) ALL OF THESE

Front 69

Which of the following functions does not apply to bone?

Back 69

Produce movement

Front 70

How are bone and cartilage similar?

Back 70

Both are connective tissues

Front 71

Which of the following is an example of a long bone?

Back 71

Humerus

Front 72

Which of the following are the two major divisions of the skeleton?

Back 72

Axial and appendicular

Front 73

There are approximately_____bones in the human skeleton

Back 73

206

Front 74

Which of the following does not belong to the axial skeleton?

Back 74

os coxae

Front 75

Which of the following does not belong to the appendicular skeleton?

Back 75

Cervical vertebra

Front 76

The inside of the shaft of a long bone is filled with

Back 76

Bone marrow

Front 77

Which of the following is the bone cell responsible for laying down new bone?

Back 77

Osteoblast

Front 78

Which of the following would be formed by intramembranous ossification?

Back 78

skull bones

Front 79

How does compact bone differ from spongy bone?

Back 79

compact bone has many osteons

Front 80

The first step of endochondral ossification is

Back 80

a cartilage model forms

Front 81

Which part of the adolescent skeleton, if damaged, could result in abnormal growth?

Back 81

Epiphyseal plate

Front 82

Which of the following bone cells would be responsible for raising the calcium concentration in blood?

Back 82

Osteoclast