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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the cell theory? |
-That all living things are made up of cells -Cells come from preexisting cells. -Cells are the fundamental units of life |
mdae, come from, funda |
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All cells have 3 common features, what are they? |
1. Plasma Membrane 2. Genes 3. Cytoplasm |
pl, gen, cyt |
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Describe plasma membrane. |
The boundary of every cell and it's environment
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___ of every cell |
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Describe genes.
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A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein or RNA molecule. |
______ codes for a specif pro |
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Describe cytoplasm.
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1. where products made by rough and smooth ER go through to get to the golgi apparatus. 2. between nucleus and plasma membrane |
where_______ go to_________ betweenn and pl m |
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What is the difference between cytoplasm and cytosol? |
Cytosol is the fluid component of the cytoplasm. |
cyto_____ is in cyto_______ |
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What is cytosol? |
Tail like material inside the cell (only the gel). |
let me see you shake your ____ feather inside the ______ |
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Why are cells so small? (referring to surface area to volume ratio.) |
The nutrients, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste products enter or leave the cell through its surface. So it has to have abundant surface area to accommodate these exchanges. |
Every goes through so it _____________ |
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What is the advantage to being multicellular? |
an overly larger body size |
Bigger is always better |
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What is a nucleoid? |
The area where the cell's circular DNA molecule congregates. |
When the wild --- are |
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Describe some features of the bacterial cell. |
They all have: 1. DNA which exists in a nucleoid region 2. cytoplasm 3. a plasma membrane 4. and cell walls 5. Flagellum
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1.___ exists in a nuc reg, 2. cyto____, 3. pl me, 4. to the window to the ______ 5. Flegm sounding word |
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How are animal cells different from plant cells?
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Plant cells have chloroplast, central vacuole, and a cell wall (which animal cells lack.) |
chlo, ce va, to the windo w to the ____ |
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Describe the feature of the nucleus. |
Contains nuclear pores, nuclear envelope, DNA, and a nucleolus. |
nu po, nu env, where the genes are, _____lus |
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describe chromatin. |
Collective term for all of the DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
all of the --- andwhat type of macromolecule |
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describe chromosomes. |
A continuous molecule of DNA wrapped tightly around protein in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
very long --- , bear hugging a macromelecule |
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describe nuclear envelope. |
The two membranes bounding a cell's nucleus. |
how many ____ a nu |
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describe nuclear pores. |
a hole in the nuclear envelope |
_____ in the nu en |
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describe DNA. |
Genetic material of the nucleus. |
duh! |
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What is smooth ER?
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Portion of the ER that produces lipids and detoxifies poison |
prod a macromolecule and gets rid of the bad |
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What is rough ER? |
Ribosomes studded portion of the ER where secreted proteins are folded/synthesized |
very bumpy because of. quaternary structure (all about macromolecules) |
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What are the differences between smooth ER and Rough ER? |
Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, and help in protein synthesis. Smooth ER has capacity of lipid synthesis. |
bumpy vs. not bumpy. _____ makes which macromol |
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What is photosynthesis? |
A process that uses energy from sunlight to produce glucose and other food molecules. |
Uses ________ to make __________ |
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What is the equation for photosynthesis? |
CO2 + H2O + ENERGY(light) ---》C6H12O6 + O2 |
just memorize |
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What are thylakoids? |
Disk-like structure that makes up the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
CD is part of the chloro________ |
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What is granum? |
A stack of flattened thylakoid discs in a chloroplast |
CD tower in a chloro________ |
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What is the cytoskeleton for? |
1. Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm 2. Organizes structures and activities of a cell 3. Gives mechanical support to cell and maintain shape 4. Provides anchorage for many organelles |
1. fi net through the cyto_____ 2. org strand act 3. mech and sh 4. anchors away for ______ |
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What are the three types of cytoskeleton? |
1. Microfilament 2. Intermediate filament 3. Microtubules |
Mi, int, mic |
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What is cilia? |
fringe-like, enables some cells to move. |
New in for bags c____ likes to _____it_____ it |
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What is flagella? |
A long whip like appendage a cell uses for motility |
_____ it real good, used to ____ it ____ it |
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What is the equation for cellular respiration? |
C6H12O6 + O2 ----》 H2O + CO2 + ENERGY (light ) |
memorize it! |
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What are plasmodesmata? |
channels that connect adjacent cells. -tunnels that cytoplasm, hormones, and some organelles interact with each other.
plant cell |
link up -interaction between cyto____, hmn, ognls omly in ______ cells |
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What are the three junctions between animal cells? |
1. anchoring 2. tight 3. gap |
an, ti, ga |
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Describe anchoring junction's purpose. |
serves to mechanically attach adjacent cells or attaches a cell to the extracellular matrix. Like a rivet. |
m_________lly cells, ribbet |
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Describe tight junction's purpose. |
fuses cells together, forming a impermeable barrier between them. Like a ziplock. |
fruit f________. Can't get it. Put sandwiches in |
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Describe gap junction's purpose. |
a protein channel that links the cytoplasm of adjacent cells - allows exchange of ions, nutrients, and other small molecules |
a macromo ch link cyto_____ to __________ cells exch i, nu, sm mol |
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what are the organelles of an animal cell? |
1. Cell membrane 2. centrosome 3. cytoplasm 4. Golgi apparatus 5. lysosome 6. mitochondrion 7. Peroxisome 8. nucleus (w/ 4 parts) 9. Cytoskeleton (w/ 3 parts) 10. ribosomes 11. rough ER 12. smooth ER 13. vacuole |
ce mem, centr,cyto___m, go ap, ly, mito, pero, n,cyto___n, ribo, smo & ro, vac |
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What are the organelles of a plant cell |
1. Nucleus ( w/ 4 parts ) 2. ribosome 3. Golgi apparatus 4. mitochondrion 5. cytoplasm 6. central vacuole 7. cytoskeleton (w/ 3 parts ) 8. plasmodesma 9. cell membrane 10. cell wall 11. peroxisome 12. smooth ER 13. rough ER 14. chloroplast |
nu, rib, go ap, mito, cyto___m, ce va, cyto___n, pla___a, ce m, ce w, pero, smo& ro, chl___t |
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Nucleus description and function. |
- perforated sac containing DNA, proteins, and RNA; surrounded by double membrane-
1. Separate DNA from rest of cell 2. site of first step in protein synthesis 3. nucleolus produces ribosomal subunits |
___ contains --- macromol 1.sep --- from_____ 2. primary structure 3. n____lus prod ________ |
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Ribosome description and function. |
-To globular subunits composed of RNA and protein.- 1. Location of protein synthesis |
"part of" --- and a macromol 1. folding of a macromol |
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Rough ER description and function |
-Membrane network studded with ribosomes- 1. Produces proteins designed for secretion from the cell |
bumpy 1. prod a macromol |
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Smooth ER description and function. |
- membrane network lacking ribosomes- 1. Synthesizes lipids 2. Detoxifies drugs and poisons |
not bumpy 1. makes a macromol 2. gets rid of d___ and p____ |
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Golgi apparatus description and function. |
- stacks of flattened membranous sacs
1. Recieves smooth and rough ER 2. sorts and sends them to where they need to go. |
CD tower 1. gets bumpy sand not bumpy 2. go along their way |
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Lysosome description and function. |
- sac containing digestive enzyme and is surrounded by single membrane
1. Digestive function: enzymes break down macromolecules into monomers (hydrolysis) |
1 mem 1. what does the stomasch do : dig and hydrolosys |
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Central vacuole description of function. What's the |
- sac containing enzymes, acids, water soluble pigments, and other solutes. it is surrounded by a single membrane.
1. Produces turgor pressure 2. Recycles cell content 3. Contains pigments |
___ contains enz, aci, solu 1. makes t_____ pressure 2. ruduce, reuse, and re____ 3. P_____nt |
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Peroxisomes description and function |
- small membrane bound sac
1. Breaks down toxins into nontoxic substance 3. Eliminates hydrogen peroxide |
tiny _____ bound ball 1. turn from bad to good 2. no more stingy |
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Chloroplast description and function. |
- two membranes enclosing stacks of membrane sacks, which contain photosynthetic pigments and enzymes. 1.produces food/ sugars by photosynthesis |
how many mem? prod ____ by photo |
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Mitochondrion description and function. |
- two membranes with the inner membrane being folded into enzyme studded Christae.
1. Makes ATP |
not Crystal but chris_____ energy now! |
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Cytoskeleton description and function. |
- network of protein filaments and tubules.
1. Transports organelles within cell 2. Maintain cell shape 3. Basis for flagella and cilia 4. Connects adjacent cells |
connect of macromol fil and tub 1. trans or___ through the c___ 2. keep it together 3. fla and cil 4. stick together |
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Cell wall description and function. |
- porous barrier of cellulose and other substances implants
1. Protect cell 2. Provide shape 3. Connects adjacent cells |
a type of polysacchiride 1.defend 2.gives 3. join |
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What are the functions of the cell membrane? |
1. support 2. protection 3. controls movement of materials in/out of cell 4. barrier between cell and its environment 5. maintains homeostasis |
sup,pro,cont,barr,maint |
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What are some protein functions within the cell membrane? |
1. typically help the cell interact with its environment |
talk between a ____ and the en____ |
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What molecules are cell membranes made of? |
composed of phospholipids (which are organic molecules that resemble triglycerides). |
made up of a lipid polymer |
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What is the fluid mosaic model? |
a model that describes the structure of cell membranes |
____ of ce mem |
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How do cell membranes regulate the spaces they enclose? |
the phospholipid bilayer has selective permeability. |
the polymer of a lipid will let stuff in sometimes |
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What does selective permeability mean? |
means that some but not all substances can pass through it |
can come in sometimes |
