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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does organic molecules mean?
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The chemistry of organisms
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What does inorganic molecules mean?
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The chemistry of non-living organisms
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What are the four classes of organic compounds?
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Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids |
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What do organic molecules always contains?
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Carbon and hydrogen, always covalent bonds, large with many atoms and usually associated with living organisms
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What inorganic molecules always contains?
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positive and negative ions, ionic bonding, small number of atoms, usually associated with non-living matter.
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What is so special about a carbon?
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Carbon is quite small, with only 6 electrons: 2 electrons on the first shell and 4 electrons on the outer shell.
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In order to complete its outer shell a carbon atom shares electrons with?
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CHNOPS, the elements that make up most of the weight of living things.
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What are hydrocarbons?
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chains of carbon atoms bonded exclusively to hydrogen atoms.
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What does a functioning group mean?
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A specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of of the particular carbon skeleton.
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What happens when a particular functional group is added to a carbon?
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The molecule becomes a certain type of compound.
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What does hydrophobic means?
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Not soluble in water
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What does Hydrophilic means?
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Soluble in water
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The OH functional group is?
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Polar
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What does carboxyl means?
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Acidic groups. (COOH) highly polar. They tend to ionize and release hydrogen ions in solution.
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What are Isomers?
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Organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas, but different arrangements of atoms.
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Examples of Biomolecules?
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Carbohydrates, polysaccharides, monosaccharides.
Lipids, fat, Glycerol and fatty acids. Proteins, polypeptides, amino acids Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA, nucleotides. |
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What happens when you digest foods?
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It gets broken down into smaller molecules that are subunits for biomolecules.
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What does digestion of bread releases?
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Glucose molecules
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What does digestion of meats releases?
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Amino acids
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What are the largest of biomolecules called?
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Polymers
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What do all cells use to synthesize?
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Condesation reaction
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What are the subunits of polymers called?
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Monomores. A polysaccharide, a protein and a nucleic acid is a polymer that contains innumerable monomers.
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What are carbohydrates know as?
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immediate energy source in living things.
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What do the majority of carbohydrates have?
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A carbon to hydrogen to oxygen Ratio of 1:2;1
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What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?
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Monnosccharides
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What is a fact about Glucose?
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It has several isomers, such as fructose and galactose.
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What is considered the major source of cellular fuel in a living thing?
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Glucose. (simple sugar)
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Ribose and deoxyribose with 5 carbon atoms are called/
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Pentoses
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Pentoses are found in?
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the nucleic acids, RNA and DNA
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What are disaccharides?
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2 monosacchraides that have joined during a dehydration reaction.
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When does a maltose forms?
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When 2 glucose molecules bond together.
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What does polysaccharides mean?
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Energy stored in molecules
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What are lipids?
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Compounds that are insoluble in water due to their Hydrocarbon chains. (Fats)
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What is fat/ lipids used for?
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Insulation and long term energy storage.
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what are phospholipids and steroids?
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important lipids found in living things. They serve as major components of the plasma membrane in cell.
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saturated fatty acids have?
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NO DOUBLE BONDS!
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What are the 2 types of subunits fats and oils have?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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What each fatty acid consists of?
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A long hydrocarbon chain with a COOH (carboxyl) group at the end.
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Fatty acids are either?
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Saturated or unsaturated.
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Unsaturated fatty acids have?
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Double bonds
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Examples of fats?
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butter, lard
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Examples of oils?
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Cooking oils
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What are phopholipids?
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Component of plasma membrane
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Examples of steroids?
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Component of plasma membrane, Cholesterol and sex hormones.
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Examples of Waxes?
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candles and polishes. Offers protection, prevent water loss.
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what is special about phospholipids?
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they have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.
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Phopholipids are constructed like fats, expect?
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in place of a third fatty acid, they have a polar phosphate group.
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What are steroids?
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lipids. However they have entirely different structures from those of fats. they have four fused rings.
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What happens in waxes?
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Long chains of fatty acids bond with long chains of alcohol
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What is the texture of waxes at normal temperatures?
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Solid
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What are the parts of a functional group?
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Phosphate
amino acid carboxyl hydroxyl |
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what are the properties of water?
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Universal solvent, high heat capacity, cohesive/ adhesive, regulates temperature.
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what happens when a protein is denatured?
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it loses its 3 dimensional shape.
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