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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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evolution |
decent from modification from common ancestors *principle theory |
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chemical evolution |
the theory that life came from chemicals that increased in complexity over time |
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endosymbiont theory |
when bacteria invaded by the ancient cells and form mutually beneficial relationship with them |
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microevolution |
first level of evolution; changes in allele frequencies within a population over a few generations |
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macroevolution |
second level of evolution; larger-scale evolutionary change over longer periods of time |
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populations |
a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area |
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gene pool |
consists the alleles of all the genes of all individuals in a population |
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mutation |
a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
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genetic drift |
when allele frequencies within a population change randomly because of change alone |
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bottleneck effect |
when the population experiences a dramatic decrease in size |
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founder effect |
genetic drift in new, small colonies |
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gene flow |
when individuals move into and out of populations |
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species |
a population or group of populations whose members are capable of successful interbreeding |
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speciation |
formation of a new species |
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natural selection |
process by which some individuals live longer and produce more offspring than other individuals because their particular inherited characteristics make them better suited to their local environment |
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adaptation |
process by which populations become better attuned to their particular environments as a result of natural selection |
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phylogenic trees |
generalized descriptions of the history of life *depict hypotheses |
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fossils |
the preserved remnants or impressions of past organisms *in sedimentary rocks |
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molecular clocks |
filll |
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homologous structures |
structures that have arisen from a common ancestry |
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convergent evolution |
process by which two species become more alike because they have similar ecological roles and selection pressures |
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analogous structure |
a structure of organism that is similar to that of another organism because of convergent evolution and not because the organisms share a common ancestry
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hominin |
a member of the family hominidae, which now includes humans and apes |
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bipedalism |
walking on two feet |
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mosaic evolution |
the phenomenon where various traits evolve at their own rates |
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multi regional hypothesis |
idea that modern humans evolved independently in several different areas from distinctive local populations |
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Out of Africa hypothesis |
the idea that modern humans evolved from him erectus in africa and spread to Europe.. etc. |
