Bio 100 Chapter 13 (Final)

Front 1

Taxonomy

Back 1

Biological way of classifying, identifying and naming different species

Front 2

Binomial

Back 2

Two part Latin name of species. First part is the genus and the second is the distinguishing factor between the genus.

Front 3

Order of Systems

Back 3

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species (In descending order)

Front 4

Natural Selection

Back 4

Organisms with better traits will have a higher chance of passing them on

Front 5

Evolutionary adaptions

Back 5

Diverse modifications that fit them into a specific environment.

Front 6

Fossil Record

Back 6

The ordered sequence of fossils as they appear in rock layers.

Front 7

Homology

Back 7

Similarities in species resulting from common ancestors

Front 8

Homologous Structures

Back 8

Similar features that serve a different function (Bones forearms of different species like fish, birds, humans, etc..)

Front 9

Vestigial Structures

Back 9

Remnants of features that served important functions that are no longer useful (tail-bone)

Front 10

Evolutionary tree

Back 10

Patterns of decent and lineage shown in a tree so we can trace back our ancestor crap

Front 11

Artificial selection

Back 11

Selective breeding of plants or animals for specific features

Front 12

Sources of Genetic Variation

Back 12

Mutation, sexual reproduction

Front 13

Mutation

Back 13

New alleles are created or expressed, new combinations arise which make new genotypes

Front 14

Sexual reproduction

Back 14

New combinations of genes arise from different sexual partners

Front 15

Gene pool

Back 15

The copies of every type of allele at every locus in the population

Front 16

Punnit's Square Math

Back 16

Multiply the frequency of a gene by the other gene and you get the chance of it being expressed

Front 17

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Back 17

Non-evolving population that's in genetic equililbrium

Front 18

Micro-evolution

Back 18

Changes in alleles between generations (one to another) so no significant changes.

Front 19

Genetic Drift

Back 19

Smaller sample sizes of populations result in random variation of genetics

Front 20

Bottleneck Effect

Back 20

When natural disasters destroy a part of a population which only leaves a portion of the population left which can misrepresent the gene pool of that species

Front 21

Founder Effect

Back 21

When a small part of a population colonizes on an island or a remote part of the world, which misrepresents the gene pool of that species

Front 22

Gene Flow

Back 22

Genetic exchanges between populations of animals

Front 23

Relative fitness (evolutionary fitness)

Back 23

Traits that let certain organisms pass them on to future generations. Higher success rate compared to other people.

Front 24

Three outcomes of natural selection

Back 24

Directional selection, Disruptive selection and stabilizing selection

Front 25

Directional Selection

Back 25

Shifts the overall makeup of a population by selecting in favor of one extreme phenotype. Usually happens when a population migrates or when a local environment changes

Front 26

Disruptive Selection

Back 26

A balance between two or more contrasting phenotype's in a population. Usually results from a patchy environment.

Front 27

Stabilizing Selection

Back 27

Eliminates extreme phenotype's leaving only intermediate phenotype's.