Bio-1-Chapter-1

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Atom

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Fundamental building block of all matter

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Biology

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The scientific study of life

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Biosphere

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All regions of Earth where organism live

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Cell

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Smallest unit of life

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Community

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All population of all species in a given area

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Ecosystem

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A community interacting with its environment

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Emergent property

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A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of the system's component parts

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Molecule

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An association of two or more atoms

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Living things "molecules of life"

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Are lipids, proteins, DNA , RNA, and complex carbohydrates

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Organ

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In multicelled organisms, a grouping of tissues engaged in a collective task

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Organism

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Individual that consists of one or more cells

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Organ system

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In multicelled organisms, set of organs engaged in a collective that keeps the body functioning properly

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Population

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Group of interbreeding individuals of the same species that live in a given area

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Tissue

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In multicelled organisms, specialized cells, organized in a pattern that allows them to perform a collective function.

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Consumer

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Organism that gets energy and nutrients by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms

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Development

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Multistep process by which the first cell of a new multicelled organism gives rise to an adult

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DNA

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Deoxyribonucleic acid; carries hereditary information that guides development and other activities

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Growth

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In multicelled species, increase in the number, size, and volume of cells

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Homeostasis

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Process in which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges by sensing and responding to change

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Inheritance

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Transmission of DNA to offspring

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Nutrient

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Substance that an organism needs for growth and survival but cannot make for itself

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Photosynthesis

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Producers use light energy to make sugars from carbon to dioxide and water

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Producer

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Organism that makes its own food using energy and nonbiological raw materials from the environment

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Reproduction

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Parents produce offspring (sex)

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Animal

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Multicelled consumer that develops through a series of stages and moves about during part or all of its life

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Archae

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Group of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus but are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria

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Bacteria

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The most diverse and well known group of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus

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Biodiversity

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Scope of variation among living organisms

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Eukaryote

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Organism whose cells characteristically have a nucleus

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Fungus

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Single-celled or multicelled eukaryotic consumer that breaks down material outside itself, then absorbs nutrients released from the breakdown

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Nucleus

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Sac that encloses a cell's DNA; it has two membranes.

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Plant

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A multicelled, typically photosynthetic producer.

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Prokaryote

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Single-celled organism without a nucleus

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Protist

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Member of a diverse group of simple eukaryotes

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Genus

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A group of species that share a unique set of traits

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Species

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Unique type of organism

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Specific epithet

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Second part of a species name

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Taxonomy

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The science of naming and classifying species

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Taxon

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Group of organisms that share a unique set of traits

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Trait

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An observable characteristic of an organism or species

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Control group

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Identical to the experimental group except for one independent variable: the characteristic or the treatment being tested

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Critical thinking

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Judging information before accepting it

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Data

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Experimental result

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Deductive reasoning

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The logical process of using a general premise to draw a conclusion about a specific case

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Dependent variable

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Observed result that is supposed to be influenced by the independent variable

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Experiment

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A test designed to support or falsify a prediction

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Experimental group

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Group of individuals that have a certain characteristic or recieve a certain treatment

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Hypothesis

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Testable explanation of a natural phenomenon

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Independent variable

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Variable that is controlled by an experimenter in order to explore its relationship to a dependent variable

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Inductive reasoning

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Drawing a conclusion based on observation

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Model

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Analogous system used for testing hypotheses

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Prediction

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Statement, based on hypothesis, about a condition that should exist if the hypothesis is correct

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Science

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Systemically study of the observable world

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Scientific method

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Making, testing, and evaluating hypotheses

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Variable

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In an experiment, a characteristic or event that differs among individuals or over time

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Probability

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The chance that a particular outcome of an event will occur; depends on the total number of outcomes possible

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Sampling error

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Difference between results derived from testing an entire group of events or individuals, and results derived from testing a subset of the group.

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Statistically significant

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Refers to a result that is statistically unlikely to have occurred by chance

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Law of nature

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Generalization that describes a consistent natural phenomenon for which there is incomplete scientific explanation

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Scientific theory

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Hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing