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113 Cards in this Set
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sum of the chemical changes which occur within a living organism |
Metabolism the cap |
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the capacity to do work |
Energy |
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maintenance of the Internal conditions necessary to sustain metabolism and therefore life |
homeostasis |
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A group of similar cells that work together to perform a set of functions |
tissue |
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two or more tissues working together to perform a set of functions |
organs |
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Living things. must be composed of at least one sale |
Organism |
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A group of similar individuals, capable of freely interbreeding and producing fertile offspring |
species |
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A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area |
Population |
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Two or more populations of different species living in interacting in a given area |
community |
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All the interacting biotic living in abiotic things present in a given area |
ecosystem |
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Is the science of naming and classifying organisms |
taxonomy |
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The study of evolutionary history of a tax on. Attempt to determine how organisms are related to one another |
systematics |
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Consist of two parts: name of the genius is specific epithet |
binomial |
bi- |
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Lives in extreme environments. Bacteria like in appearance, More similar to eukaryotes |
archaea |
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True bacteria very Widespread and diverse |
bacteria |
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All contain nucleus in their cells animals fungi and protists s |
eukarya |
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Single celled or colonial, most with little or no cellular specialization |
protista |
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Eukaryotic; mostly multicellular with some cellular specialization. I’m not capable of doing photosynthesis |
fungi |
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Multicellular with different tissue; have a cell wall, and capable of doing photosynthesis |
plantae |
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eukaryotic, multicellular with different tissues no cell wall and cannot do photosynthesis |
animalia |
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taxonomy groups in order |
Domain , kingdoms, phylum, class, order , family , species |
DKPCCFS |
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Changes in the genetic composition of a population over time resulting in the accumulation |
evolution |
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Experimental testing variable |
Independent |
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Response variable to the experimental variable |
Dependent |
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Assemble various bits of information and look for unifying principles; interference of a generalized conclusion from particular instances |
Inductive reasoning |
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From a broader statement, make specific predictions |
Deductive reasoning |
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A substance that occupies space |
matter |
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A covalent bond that pairs of electrons are shared equally |
Non-polar |
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A covalent bond that the pairs of electrons are NOT shared equally |
Polar |
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And attractive force between two atoms that are already in a bond; weakest of the bonds |
Hydrogen bond |
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Properties of water |
-Very good solvent -water molecules are adhesive and cohesive |
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The substance is attracted to water, will form hydrogen bonds with water |
Hydrophilic |
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The substance is repelled by the water |
Hydrophobic |
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The loss of one or more electrons from an atom or molecule; losing energy |
oxidation |
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The gaining of one or more electrons from Atom or molecule |
Reduction |
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A substance that releases hydrogen ions when placed in solution |
Acid |
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a substance that combined with hydrogen ions or release is oxygen hydrogen place in a solution |
Base |
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Smallest unit of an element that has everything in element |
atom |
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A substance that within a certain range maintains a constant PH by combining with hydrogen ions when mixed with an acid |
Buffer |
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hydroxyl group |
-OH |
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Methyl group |
-CH3 |
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carboxyl group |
-COOH |
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Amino group |
NH2 |
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phosphate groupA large molecule composed of repeating subunits, |
-PO3 |
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A large molecule composed of repeating subunits, Molymers |
Polymer |
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Usually only contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen, mostly carbon and hydrogen |
Lipids |
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At least two hydrogen Atoms bonded to each 1 Carbon |
saturated fatty acids |
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At least one or more carbon Atoms that have LESS than 2 hydrogen bonded |
UNsaturated fatty acids |
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Pure substance composed of only one kind of Atom |
element |
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Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil’s, not typically made by living organisms |
trans fat |
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A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution |
PH |
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composed of 3 fatty acids mono- , Di- , Tri |
glycerides |
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forms the basic structure of all cell membranes; composed of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components |
Phospholipids |
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non-fatty acid, contains plenty of C, H , little O (like other lipids) |
Steroids |
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Contains lots of nitrogen an amino groups. Made from a long chain of amino acids. |
Proteins |
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Amino group in a carboxyl group bonded to the same carbon Adam |
Amino acids |
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A small polymer of amino acids; part of a protein molecule |
polypeptide |
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A change in the shape of the molecule |
denaturation |
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An organic molecule composed of long chains of nucleotides |
Nucleic acids |
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Different number of neutrons in the nucleus |
isotope |
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Polymer of a chain of nucleotides |
DNA |
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A nucleotide involved in most of the reactions in which energy is transferred and living organisms |
Adenosine Triphosphate |
ATP |
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Membrane bound region which enclosed is the chromosomes in some cells |
Nucleus |
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Long strands of DNA |
chromosomes |
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membrane That surrounds the nucleus |
nuclear envelope |
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Cells Do not contain a nucleus, does not have most cell organelles |
Prokaryotic |
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Dark staining, where ribosomal RNA is found |
Nucleolus |
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Outer most membrane surrounding cells |
plasma membrane |
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Somewhat rigid enclosure surrounding the cells of plants located immediately outside plasma membrane |
cell wall |
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Sight in which protein is produced, not surrounded by a membrane |
Ribosomes |
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Without doing nothing, the isotopes change by themselves |
Radioactive isotopes |
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Making, modifying, and carrying protein to another part of the cell |
endoplasmic reticulum |
smooth or rough |
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Received, modify, package a variety of organic molecules |
golgi apparatus |
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A membrane bound container; encloses products and waste |
Vacuole |
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Contain digestive enzymes |
lysosome |
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Surrounded by a double membrane, contain grana and stroma |
chloroplasts |
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Site of aerobic respiration, double membrane, contains DNA and ribosomes |
mitochondria |
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Network of fibers and tubulars extended through the cytoplasm |
cytoskeleton |
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Hair like projections from the plasma membrane, able to swim in liquid media |
cilia and flagella |
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free living bacteria |
endosymbiotic theory |
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Basic structure, somewhat fluid and hydrophilic |
phospholipid bilayer |
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An Atom of an element that has gained or lost electrons |
Ion |
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Students in supports for cell without a cell wall |
cholesterol |
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Movement of any substance down a concentration and or pressure gradient |
diffusion |
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Movement of water across a membrane |
osmosis |
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The liquid in which a substance is dissolved |
solvent |
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A solution THAT dissolves... |
Solute |
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A solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes (dissolved substances ) Then another solution |
hypotonic |
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A solution that contains a higher concentration of salutes; a lower concentration of water |
hypertonic |
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Contains an equal amount of dissolved substances to other substances |
Isotonic |
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The loss of water by osmosis from cytoplasm |
Plasmolysis |
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The loss of water from the cytoplasm |
Cremation |
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A piece of matter that is composed of two or more atoms bonded together |
molecule |
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The rupturing of animal cells membranes when placed in a hypotonic solution |
Cytolysis |
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The cell is not doing any work to move across the membrane |
Passive Transport |
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The cell must do work to move across the membrane |
Active transport |
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Located on the outer or inner surface of a cell. Help stabilize cell membrane in control shape |
Peripheral transport |
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type of protein that Uses passive transport to transport only small materials |
Channel protein |
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A type of proteins that can use either active or passive transport to move materials through the membrane. It also changes the shape to travel |
Carrier protein |
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A type of protein that enable cells to respond to chemical signals |
Receptor proteins |
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Catalyze metabolic reactions |
Enzymatic proteins |
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The act of binding of molecule triggers change in the protein shape |
facilitated transport |
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Type of bug transport that draws substances into the cytoplasm and forms a vesicle |
Endocytosis |
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And attractive force between two Atoms |
chemical bond |
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A type of ultra sport that involves vesicles to move across the plasma membrane and empty the contents |
exocytosis |
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The idea that the cell membrane of all of the organelles will eventually assume their normal position after moving inside and outside the cell |
Fluid mosaic model |
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Proteins, polysaccharides, and other substances produced by Sail Inn transported to our surrounding the cell |
Extra -cellular matrix |
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The junction that is zipper like and is used were the most effective barrier is needed |
Tight junction |
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The junction that has spot welds and promote flexibility |
Adhesive junction |
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A junction that is it open channel allowing direct contact |
Gap junction |
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A junction only for plants with a membrane lined channels which penetrate adjacent cell walls and vascular tissue |
Plasmodesmata |
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Results from the attractive force between two oppositely charged ions |
ionic bond |
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To Adam sharing one or more pairs of electrons; a much stronger bond |
Covalent bond |
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