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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sitcoms |
Continuing characters in a new, usually dilemmatic situation every week |
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Reality Shows |
Low-budget audience builders attracting big-bucks advertisers |
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How were film documentaries used during WWII? |
Propaganda |
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Fairness Doctrine |
U.S. government requirement from 1949 to 1987 that broadcast presentations had to include both sides on competing public issues |
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Docu-ganda |
Documentaries that seek to influence their viewers |
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Michael Moore |
Producer and Director of point-of-view documentaries |
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Webisode |
Short episode of story line created for downloading to Internet TV or hand-held devices |
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Video on Demand (VOD) |
Viewer controlled access to content at anytime |
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TiVo |
Digital recording and playback device for television |
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Time Shifting |
Ability of viewer to change when they access programming |
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What happened to some chains due to to their decision to expand and upgrade? |
Some chains overextended financially, and bankruptcies would follow |
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How did Time Shifting affect viewers? |
It allowed them to not have to build their schedules around the shows they want to watch |
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Guglielmo Marconi |
First to to transmit message through air |
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KDKA |
Became the first U.S. licensed commercial station (1920) |
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In the 1920s, what distinctive traits of the U.S. media formed? |
1. Private ownership 2. Entertainment thrust to programming 3. Economic foundation based on selling time to advertisers who wanted to reach large audiences |
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David Sarnoff |
21 year old who worked at a Marconi Room. Became famous for hearing and reporting the news of the Titanic and its survivors |
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How did David Sarnoff affect the radio? |
He made the radio a widely-known concept |
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How was NBC created? |
David Sarnoff and RCA found it |
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In 1936, Sarnoff, the now president of the RCA at the time, entered an agreement with who? |
Philo Farnsworth |
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How did single-format stations became a trend? |
Through Rock-n-Roll stations |
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What did Gordon McLendon developed in regards to hit music? |
He developed the Top 40 format, featuring only top hits, and rotating them throughout the day's broadcasting |
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Who is in charge of overseeing non-federal government use of radio broadcastings in the U.S.? |
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) |
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What type of radio is a Pay-for-Service radio? |
Satellite Radios |
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Why was XM and Sirius able to merge? Why was the merge controversial? |
Although the only two satellite radio companies merged, causing the satellite radio field to be a monopoly at the moment, the companies merged, because they would both go out of business if they did not. Prior to the merge, they were both losing money. |
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Why was Orson Welles so well-known? |
He was a broadcaster who caused a panic among citizens due to the fact that the story-telling of an alien invasion was formatted like a news report. This caused confusion and caused people to react in a mass panic. |
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How was Orson Welles' broadcasting formatted like a news report? |
The story-telling was conveyed like breaking news, and music was played, then it cut back to the story, then music was played again. |
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Who are the Big Three of network programs? |
ABC, CBS, NBC |
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Newton Minow |
FCC chair who called television a "vast wasteland" |
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Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) |
Television network for noncommercial over-air stations |
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Terrestrial TV |
Transmitters are mounted on ridges, mountaintops, skyscrapers, or tall buildings to extend their signals as far as possible |
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Cable TV |
Created for towns that couldn't get reception due to the mountaintops blocking the signal; transmitter was put on top of the mountain, and a cable strung down to each house for signal |
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CATV |
Early local cable TV systems |
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Gerald Levin |
Used orbiting satellite to relay exclusive programs to local cable systems in 1975 |
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CNN |
First 24-hour TV news service |
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Multisystem Operator (MSO) |
A company that owns several local cable TV delivery units in different, usually far-flung, communities |
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DirecTV and Dish Network |
Satellite-direct companies (DirecTV is the larger) |
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Steve Jobs |
Leader of Apple computer who engineered the "digital hub" |
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Computer Revolution |
Vast increases in human productivity, roughly 1980-1994
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Jobs' Model |
Three-step developmental model for stages of a new media-centric lifestyle: Computer Revolution, Internet Revolution, Digital Lifestyle |
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Information Revolution |
An overarching term for post-1980 fundamental changes triggered by digital technology |
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Internet Revolution |
Near-universal, low-cost, accessible and virtually instant communication, albeit mostly text; roughly 1994-2000 |
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Digital Lifestyle |
Personal and hand-held computers become a centerpiece of outgoing and incoming communication |
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Walled Garden (AOL) |
Early business model for online portals with access limited mostly to proprietary content |
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America Online (AOL) |
Once-dominant internet service provider |
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Steve Case |
Built AOL into media giant with walled-garden model |
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Marc Andreessen |
Software wunderkind who designed pioneer browser Netscape |
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Silicon Valley |
Area near San Francisco noted for computing and electronics industries |
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Netscape |
First of browsers |
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How did browsers overshadow AOL? |
Did not have subscription fees |
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Crawler |
Computer program that scours the web to create an index of sites |
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What is the significant difference between Google and other search engines at the time? |
Used algorithms that organized results of links to keywords, relevancy, etc
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Who are the creators of the Google search engine?
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Sergey Brins and Larry Page
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Android |
Google-operating system for smartphones |
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Yahoo |
Major search engine and internet services company |
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Founders of Yahoo |
David Filo and Jerry Yang |
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Dot-com Bust |
Economic collapse of most investments in internet commerce in 2000 |
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What revenue does Google have?
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99% relies on advertising |
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ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) |
Military Network The Pentagon built for military contractors and universities doing military research to exchange information. |
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Is e-mail generally considered as a media for mass communications? |
No |
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Blog |
A journal-like web site with continuing narrative, generally personal in nature, on a narrow subject; (short for web log) |
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User-generated Content |
Internet Messages that originate with an individual to communicate directly with a mass audience |
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Joshua Marshall |
Used his blog to continually critique U.S. Senate Trent for racist comments. This caused other bloggers to join in. This issue appeared on NBC, leading Trent to apologize and his Senate colleagues voting him out as Majority Leader |
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Matt Drudge |
His blog propelled the Bill Clinton-Monica Lewinsky issue into a national scandal |
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What did the user-generated internet content allow people to do? |
Enabled anyone with a computer and web access to become a mass communicator |
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How did Mark Zuckerberg sparked his idea for FaceBook?
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FaceSmash |
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FaceSmash |
A website where Mark Zuckerberg coded by posting pictures of women from sorority houses that he raided. Although it got shut down, he saw the enthusiasm and popularity that went into it. |
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What Chief Internet Oversight Agency approves the domain names? |
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |
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Who is the creator of eBay online auction site? |
Pierre Omidyar |
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What site is the pioneer online auction site?
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eBay |
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What site is the pioneer in rewriting the rules of retailing on a large scale?
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Amazon.com |
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Who created Amazon? |
Jeff Bezos |
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What was Amazon originally created for? |
Book Retail |
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How did iTunes rivaled Amazon? |
iTunes offered music nonphysically |
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Targeted Marketing |
Matching advertisers with potential customers with relative precision |
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What was FaceBook's "like button" originally created for? |
To identify cohorts of potential customers |
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Behavioral Targeting |
Using personal information and patterns in activities to match advertisements with potential customers |
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News |
A report on change |
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Newsworthiness |
A ranking of news that helps decide what makes it into news packages |
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James Gordon Bennett |
Early Penny Press publisher; founder of New York Herald 1835 |
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How did James Gordon Bennett rival with other news reporters? |
He reported more recent news first before than they did |
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News Beat |
A specific subject or field that a news reporter covers as a specialty, like a police beat, a science beat |
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Bennett Model |
Concept that emphasizes event-based reporting on deadline |
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Lightning News |
Delivered by telegraph |
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Objectivity |
Concept in journalism that news should be gathered and told value-free |
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Byline
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A line identifying the reporter or writer; usually atop an article |
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Bennett Model Components |
-Compelling Events -Deadline-Driven -Objectivity -Veiling the Reporter -Sourcing |
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Sourcing |
Bennett Model Component; report as events unfold |
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Problems in Bennett Model |
-Superficiality (Reporters opted for easy stories with facts that were readily available) -Deadline Haste (Pressure undermines quality) -Dullness (Mindless facts-only) -Missed Trends (Due to the focus on the Bennett Model, important and history-changing events go unreported) -Questions Unasked (Reporters only went to officials for information, which were easily accessible, rather than witnesses) -Manipulation (Some used slow days for news reporting to get more publicity) |
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Joseph McCarthy |
U.S. Senator from Wisconsin; fueled anti-communist |
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Edward R. Murrow |
CBS TV reporter who confronted McCarthy on demagoguery (appealing on people's emotions and prejudice rather than their rational side) |
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Robert Hutchins |
Philosopher who issued a report that called for news media to be socially responsible |
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Hutchins Commission |
Recommended reforms to news practices to emphasize social responsibility |
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Benjamin Harris |
Published Publick Occurrences, first colonial newspaper,1690; scandalized Puritan sensitivities by alleging that the King of France had dallied with his son's wife |
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Benjamin Day |
Printed first successful penny paper |
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Joseph Pulitzer |
Emphasized human interest in newspapers; later moved sensationalism to greater heights |
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William Randolph Hearst |
Vowed to "out-Pulitzer" Pulitzer in sensationalism |
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Yellow Journalism |
Sensationalized news accounts |
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Sensationalism |
The use of exciting or shocking stories or language at the expense of accuracy, in order to provoke public interest or excitement. |
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Curtis McDougal |
His journalism textbook advocated people to not just relay information, but rather make sense of it. |
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Herbert Gans |
Concluded that journalists have mainstream values |
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Ethnocentrism |
Seeing things on the basis of personal experience and values |
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Watchdog Function |
The news media role to monitor the performance of government and other institutions of society |
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News Hole |
Space for news in a newspaper after ads are inserted; time in a newscast for news after ads |
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News Flow |
Significance of events worth covering varies from day to day (Example: An event is more valuable to report on Sunday than Thursday) |
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Staffing |
Available staff resources to cover news is affected by how many are in the right place at the right time |
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Consensible Nature of News |
News organization second-guessing competition in deciding coverage |
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Gatekeepers |
Exercise news judgment, deciding what most deserves to be told and how. |
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Aggregation Sites |
News Sites that regurgitate news compiled from elsewhere or offer pass-through links to other sources |
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Arianna Huffington |
Founder of Huffington Post, a liberal alternative to the Drudge Report (another aggregation site)
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News Alert |
E-messages with links to news that users request based on key search words |
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Carl Bernstein |
Washington Poster reporter who dug up the Watergate Scandal |
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Bob Woodward |
Aided Carl Berstein in the Watergate revelation |
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Investigative reporting |
Enterprise reporting that reveals new information, often startling; most often these are stories that official sources would rather not have told |
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Muckraking |
Digging up dirt used for investigative journalism; aimed at public policy reform
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Ida Tarbell |
A leading muckraker who uncovered abusive corporate practices and monopolistic corruption at Standard Oil
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Soft News |
Geared to satisfy audience's information wants, not needs |