Behavior Mod- Gewirtz Quiz 1

Front 1

Behavioral Assessment:
How does a behavior occurs in the natural environment?

Back 1

Indirect Assessment
Direct assessment

Front 2

Direct assessment

Back 2

Direct assessment: Direct observation and recording of the target behavior as it occurs

Front 3

Observation Period:
When and Where should we observe?

Back 3

When: Period when the target behavior is most likely to occur

Where:1) Natural Setting: Places where target behavior typically occurs (ex. Classroom)
2) Contrived setting: Setting not part of daily routine (ex. Playroom in clinic)

Front 4

Indirect Assessment

Back 4

Indirect Assessment:Interviews, questionnaires, and rating scale.

Front 5

Measurement:
In which way can the target behavior be quantified?

Back 5

Frequency
Rate
Duration
Intensity
Latency

Hint 5

FRDIL

Front 6

Define Frequency

Back 6

Frequency:number of times a behavior occurs in an observation period

Front 7

Define Rate

Back 7

Rate: the frequency of the behavior divided by the time of the observation period

Front 8

Define Duration

Back 8

Duration: total amount of time occupied by the behavior from onset to offset

Front 9

Define Intensity

Back 9

Intensity: Amount of force, energy, or exertion involved in the behavior (ex. For hitting – pounds per square inch)

Front 10

Define Latency

Back 10

Latency: the time from some stimulus event to the onset of the behavior

Front 11

In which way can the target behavior be recorded?

Back 11

Continuous recording
Product recording
Interval recording
Time Sample recording

Front 12

Continuous recording

Back 12

Continuous recording: recording every instance of target behavior during observation period

Front 13

Product recording

Back 13

Product recording:record the tangible outcome of permanent product of the occurrence of the behavior (consequence)

Front 14

Interval recording

Back 14

Interval recording: the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in consecutive intervals of time during an observation period (ex. Within 15 min intervals, does the behavior occur?

Front 15

Time Sample recording

Back 15

Time Sample recording: recording the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the behavior in discontinuous time intervals (time samples) during an observation period (ex. May be a 1 min time frame during a 15 min Interval)

Front 16

Designs:How do we measure Behavior Change?

Back 16

Baseline
Functional Relationship
A-B Design
A-B-A-B Reversal

Front 17

Baseline

Back 17

Baseline: Observation phase or non-treatment phase

Front 18

Functional Relationship

Back 18

Functional Relationship: Behavior changes as a function of the procedure

Front 19

A-B Design

Back 19

A-B Design: to compare Baseline and Treatment to determine whether the behavior changed in the expected way after treatment

Front 20

A-B-A-B Reversal

Back 20

A-B-A-B Reversal: Baseline and treatment phases implemented twice for one behavior of one subject. Demonstrates a functional relationship

Front 21

Changing Criterion Design

Back 21

Changing Criterion Design: Performance criteria are specified. Successive goal levels for the target behavior should change during treatment

Front 22

GRAPHING AND MEASURING CHANGE
What are the three different multiple-baseline designs?

Back 22

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design
Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design
Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design:

Front 23

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design

Back 23

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Subjects Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for the same target behavior of two or more different subjects

Front 24

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design

Back 24

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Behaviors Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for two or more target behaviors of the same subject

Front 25

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design:

Back 25

Multiple-Baseline-Across-Settings Design:
Refers to a baseline and a treatment phase for two or more settings in which the same target behavior of the same subject is measured

Front 26

Reinforcement

Back 26

Reinforcement: The process in which a behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequences/ stimulus that reliably follow its occurrence.

Front 27

Stimulus

Back 27

Stimulus: Is an object or event that can be detected by one of the senses, and thus has potential to influence the person

Front 28

Operant Behavior

Back 28

Operant Behavior: A behavior that is strengthened through the process of reinforcement.

Front 29

Reinforcer

Back 29

Reinforcer: The consequence or stimulus that strengthens an operant behavior

Front 30

Positive Reinforcement

Back 30

-The occurrence of a behavior
-is followed by the addition of a stimulus (a reinforcer) or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus.
-which results in the strengthening of the behavior

Front 31

Negative Reinforcement:

Back 31

-The occurrence of a behavior
-is followed by the removal of a stimulus (an aversive stimulus) or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus
-which results in the strengthening of the behavior

Front 32

Unconditioned Reinforcers

Back 32

Unconditioned Reinforcers: they can function as reinforcers the first time they are presented; no prior experience with these stimuli is needed for them to function as reinforcers; unconditioned reinforcers are sometimes called primary reinforcers.

Front 33

Conditioned Reinforcers

Back 33

Conditioned Reinforcers: a stimulus that was once neutral but established as a reinforcer by being paired with an unconditioned reinforcer; also referred to as secondary reinforcers.

Front 34

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers

Back 34

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers: a conditioned reinforcer that is being paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers

Front 35

Continuous reinforcement schedule

Back 35

Continuous reinforcement schedule: each occurrence of a behavior is reinforced (CRF schedule)

Front 36

Intermittent reinforcement schedule

Back 36

Intermittent reinforcement schedule:responses are occasionally or intermittently reinforced.

Front 37

Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule

Back 37

Fixed Ratio (FR) schedule: the delivery of the reinforcer is based on the number of responses that occur.

Front 38

Variable Ratio (VR) schedule

Back 38

Variable Ratio (VR) schedule: the number of responses needed for reinforcement varies each time, around an average number

Front 39

Fixed Interval (FI) schedule

Back 39

Fixed Interval (FI) schedule: the delivery of the reinforcer is based on an interval of time that has passed. In this case the interval of time is fixed.

Front 40

Variable Interval (VI) schedule

Back 40

Variable Interval (VI) schedule:reinforcement is delivered for the first response that occurs after a variable interval of time has passed.