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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Configuration*
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the arrangement of atoms around a chiral center
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Conformation*
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the arrangement of atoms in space
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Isomers*
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two different chemical compounds which have the same chemical composition but are physically distinct and separable
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aliphatic alcohol
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R-OH, pKa=16
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aliphatic thiol/mercaptans
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R-SH, pKa=8
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amine
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R-NH2, pKa=10
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ketone
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carbonyl group between chains
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aldehyde
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carbonyl group on the end of a chain
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carboxylic acid
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carbonyl and alcohol on the end of a chain, pKa=5
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phenol
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alcohol on a benzene ring, pKa=10
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phosphoric acid
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P with 3 OH groups and a carbonyl off of it, pKa=2,7,12 for each subsequent hydrogen
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what two reagents form a hemiacetal
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aldehyde and an alcohol
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if the pKa of a functional group is lower than the pH, will the group deprotonate?
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yes
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anomer
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a chiral center which is not initially present in a molecule and which is created by intramolecular bonding
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epimers*
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two stereoisomers which differ in only one chiral center
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enantiomers*
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two stereoisomers in which all chiral centers are switched
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isomers*
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two chemical compounds which have the same chemical composition but are physically distinct and separable
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diastereomers*
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stereoisomers which contain more than one chiral center but are not mirror images of each other
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chemical
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material with a specific chemical composition
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bis/tris
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two or three phosphates that are not connected to each other
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di/tri
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two or three phosphates directly connected
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catabolism
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creating energy by breaking down molecules
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anabolism
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using energy to to make new molecules
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amphibolic
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create & destroy energy
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enthalpy*
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the measuring of the amount of heat within a system under constant pressure
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entropy*
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the measure of the disorder of a system
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free energy [Gibbs]
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is the amount of energy available to do [chemical] work
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equation for gibbs free energy
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G = H - T*S
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pH of cells
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7.4
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electronegative atoms that engage in hydrogen bonding
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N, O, S, F
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how does hydrogen bonding have covalent character
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bond length is less than sum of van der Waals radii
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hydrophobic effects
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solvent-induced solvent pushes hydrophobic molecules together; they wouldn't be together if solvent was gone
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strong acid
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completely dissociates
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weak acid
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partially dissociates
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