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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three types of ARF
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Pre-Renal ARF
Intrinisic ARF (renal ARF) Post renal arf |
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Pre-renal ARF
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due to hypoperfusion of kidney, with inadequate blood delivery to the glomerulus
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Causes of Pre-Renal ARF
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hypotension, dehydration, hemorrhage, severe congestive heart failure, and shock
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results of Pre-renal arf
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oliguria
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Labs for pre-renal arf
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hi BUN and creatinine, with a BUN:creatinine ratio of >20.1
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treatment for pre-renal ARF
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iv fluids
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Untreated pre-renal arf
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evolved to acute tubular necrosis
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Renal (intrinsic) ARF causes (5)
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acute tubular injury
acute glomerulonephritis acute tubulointerstitial nephritis acute vascular nephropathy infiltrative diseases |
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Acute tubular injury
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such as from cyclosporine, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, ethylene glycol (radiator fluid), hemoglobinuria (from massive hemolysis), myoglobinuria (from rhabdomyolysis), heavy metals, and contrast agents; severe, prolonged pre-renal ARF can also in acute tubular injury
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#1 cause of renal ARF
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pre-renal ARF
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Acute Glomerulopnephritis
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thus causing damage to the kidney since the glomerulus is part of the kidney
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Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
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which is inflammation of tubules or renal parenchyma secondary to allergic reaction (usually to drugs) or due to infection (pyelonephritis).
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Drugs more likely to cause Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (9)
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pcns, nsaids, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, furosemide, thiazides, cimetidine, allopurinol, and phenytoin
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Acute Vascular Nephropathy
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which is pathology of or to renal vessels
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Causes of Acute vascular nephropathy
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vasculitis, malignant hypertension, TTP, atheroembolism(embolism of pieces of broken off atherosclerotic plaques)
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Infiltrative diseases
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which include any disease in which molecular infiltrates settles in the kidney tissue, resulting in dysfunction of kidney.
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Causes of infiltrative disease
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sarcoidosis and amyloidosis
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Labs for Renal acute renal failrue
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Hi BUN and creatinine with a BUN;creatinine ratio of <10.1
elevated potassium, sodium, magnesium, chloride decreased calcium |
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Treatment for renal acute renal failure
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identify and treat cause
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what can renal ARF cause
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Acute tubular necrosis
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treatment?
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30% mortality rate
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Post renal ARF
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to obstruction of outflow from the urine
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Causes of post renal ARF (4)
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benign prostatic hypertrophy
Bladder stone B/L urolithiasis from ureters Renal collecting system injury from trauma |
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Features of post renal ARF
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oliguria or even anuria; pain is common
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Labs for post renal ARF
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as the back-up worsens, K levels rise as a consequence of its effects on the kidney itself
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After removal of obstruction
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depends on the severity and duration of the condition, permanent kidney damage may result
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