Bayne Apwh Chapter 37

Front 1

Axis/Revisionist powers

Back 1

Germany, Italy, and Japan

Front 2

Manchuria

Back 2

historical region of northeastern China. Strictly speaking, it consists of the modern provinces (sheng) of Liaoning (south), Kirin (central), and Heilungkiang (north)

Front 3

Rape of Nanjing

Back 3

Japanese conquest in 1937 led to more than four hundred thousand Chinese residents met death through unimaginable horrors, most gruesome example of brutality tied to an ethos of racial superiority

Front 4

appeasement

Back 4

policy adopted as Britain and France continued to seek peace, even if it meant acquiescing to Germany's aggressive actions

Front 5

Munich Conference

Back 5

September 1938 conference where the policy of appeasement was adopted

Front 6

Warsaw Pact

Back 6

Soviet created organization as a countermove to match NATO

Front 7

U-boats

Back 7

Unterseebootes or submarines

Front 8

the Blitz

Back 8

Blitzkrieg "lighting war" in which superior air force would soften resistance, thei
r swift and highly mobile Panzer, or tank units, would roll in, and finally their well-equipped troops would march in to clean up any remaining resistance

Front 9

Operation Barbarossa

Back 9

German invasion of Soviet Union, began in June 1941 and included supporting troops from Hungary, Finland, and Romania who augmented the massive German fighting force of men and equiptment

Front 10

Stalingrad

Back 10

operations by the Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the purpose of possession of the city of Stalingrad, which took place between 17 July 1942 and February 2, 1943

Front 11

"a date that will live in infamy"

Back 11

phrase by FDR referencing December 7, 1941 when the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor took place

Front 12

Greater Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere

Back 12

oncept created and promulgated during the Shōwa era by the government and military of the Empire of Japan which represented the desire to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led by the Japanese and free of Western powers"

Front 13

Dresden

Back 13

bombing of Dresden by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and United States Army Air Force (USAAF) between February 13 and February 15, 1945, 12 weeks before the surrender of the Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) of Nazi Germany. Nearly 40,000 civilian casualties

Front 14

Wannsee Conference

Back 14

January 1942 conference in which members agreed to evacuate all remaining European Jews to camps in easter Poland where they could be worked to death or executed

Front 15

Yalta Conference

Back 15

major World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of Great Britain, and Premier Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union (see photograph), which met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany

Front 16

Truman Doctrine

Back 16

response to growing communisim it was issued March 1947 crystallizing the U.S. perception of the world divided between enslaved and free peoples and unequivicolly drew the battle lines of the cold war

Front 17

N.A.T.O.

Back 17

North Atlantic Treaty Association founded in 1949 as a regional military alliance against Soviet aggression

Front 18

Allied Powers

Back 18

Great Britain and the Commonwealth nations, Russia, France, China, the United States, and its Latin American allies

Front 19

invasion of China

Back 19

1937 invasion by Japan starting in Manchuria

Front 20

Tripartite Pact

Back 20

Axis pact that stated that should one of the signatories, consisting of Japan, Germany, and Italy, be aggressed upon by the United States, the other two were obliged to send help

Front 21

Anschluss

Back 21

political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938

Front 22

Nonaggression Pact

Back 22

pact between Russia and Germany which bought each nation a brief respite against fighting each other, and gave them free hands to divide much of easter Europe

Front 23

Luftwaffe

Back 23

German air force

Front 24

Lebensraum

Back 24

"living space" quested for by Germany. He wanted to evacuate Jews to make way for resettled Germans

Front 25

Stalin

Back 25

emerged as the unchallenged dictator of the Soviet Union by 1928 after struggle of Bolshevik leaders to decide on a leader post-Lenin's death. Stalin annihilated his rivals through treachery, deceit, and violence. He supported the ideal of "socialism in one country," and was determined to rapidly build Russia into an industrial powerhouse, no matter the cost in resources or lives.

Front 26

lend-lease program

Back 26

1941 shift away from the cash-and-carry policy, made American goods and weapons readily available to the Allies

Front 27

"Asia for Asians"

Back 27

Japanese used anti-European imperialism slogan

Front 28

D-Day

Back 28

increased offensive and bombing of civilian centers beginning on June 6, 1944 leading to the German surrender on May 8, 1944

Front 29

the Final Solution

Back 29

policy of extermination or working to death of Jews, Gypsies, and Slavs etc.

Front 30

"comfort women"

Back 30

prostitutes offered as rewards for Japanese soldiers

Front 31

Potsdam Conference

Back 31

meeting (July 17–Aug. 2, 1945) of the principal Allies in World War II (the United States, the USSR, and Great Britain) to clarify and implement agreements previously reached at the Yalta Conference

Front 32

Marshall Plan

Back 32

European Recovery Plan - the economic adjunct to the Truman Doctrine designed to rebuild European economies through capitalism and cooperation thus neutralizing communism's appeal to struggling peoples

Front 33

United Nations

Back 33

supranational organization dedicated to keeping world peace created by delegates from fifty nations, including the goals of maintaining international peace and security and of promoting friendly relations among the world's nations