Bayne Apwh Ch 35 & 36

Front 1

Adolf Hitler

Back 1

1932 elected Chancellor of Germany who promised a German Reich

Front 2

Otto Spengler

Back 2

supported German hegemony, refused to follow the Nazis, heralded as precursor to Socialist movement, wrote The Decline of the West

Front 3

Sigmund Freud

Back 3

psychologist who focused on explanations for mental disorders based on his introduction of the idea of conflicts between conscious and unconscious mental processes which he believed were often revealed in one's dreams

Front 4

Werner Heisenberg

Back 4

German physicist and philosopher who discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices (1925). For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932

Front 5

Picasso

Back 5

artist who displayed influences from non-European traditions

Front 6

Bauhaus

Back 6

an institution which brought together architects, designers, and painters from several countries to focus on functional design - a marriage of engineering and art - uniquely suited to the urban and industrial twentieth-century landscape

Front 7

Depression

Back 7

economic depression so long-lasting, so severe, and so global that it has come to be called the Great Depression

Front 8

the New Deal

Back 8

legislation pushed by President Franklin Roosevelt that prevented the total collapse of the banking system, provided farm subsidies, promoted jobs in the private and public sectors, guaranteed minimum wage/decent working conditions, granted workers right to organize, and provided social security

Front 9

New Economic Policy

Back 9

Lenin's plan which temporarily restored the market economy and some private enterprise in Russia, though large industries such as banks and transportation remained under gov't control

Front 10

Trotsky

Back 10

Leon Trotsky played an integral part in the October Revolution and the subsequent Russian Civil War, moving from revolutionary to politician to military commander of the Red Army

Front 11

"lost generation"

Back 11

phrase coined by Gertrude Stein to describe American intellectuals and literati who flocked to Paris in the postwar years seeking to find some salve for their disillusionment

Front 12

Arnold J. Toynbee

Back 12

wrote A Study of History, sought to make sense from the chaos of the war years

Front 13

Albert Einstein

Back 13

nobel prize winning German scientist, offered position of President of Israel which he declined, leading figure in the World Government Movement after WWII

Front 14

Cubism

Back 14

Cubism was one of the most influential visual art styles of the early twentieth century. It was created by Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881–1973) and Georges Braque (French, 1882–1963

Front 15

Gauguin

Back 15

Paul Gauguin was a post-impressionist painter which tried to express interior states rather than surface appearances

Front 16

Gropius, Walter

Back 16

German-American architect, one of the leaders of modern functional architecture

Front 17

Keynesian Economics

Back 17

formulated by John Maynard Keynes who wrote The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and money. the big problem is seen as inadequate demand, rather than excessive supply; logically it followed that governments should respond by stimulating the economy by increasing money supply and thereby encouraging investments, by undertaking public works projects to provide jobs, and by redistributing incomes through tax policy

Front 18

Reds vs. Whites

Back 18

soviets/Bolsheviks vs. "Whites" (opponents of the new regime)

Front 19

Stalin, Joseph

Back 19

emerged as the unchallenged dictator of the Soviet Union by 1928 after struggle of Bolshevik leaders to decide on a leader post-Lenin's death. Stalin annihilated his rivals through treachery, deceit, and violence. He supported the ideal of "socialism in one country," and was determined to rapidly build Russia into an industrial powerhouse, no matter the cost in resources or lives.

Front 20

kulaks

Back 20

peasants that made up less than 5 percent of the Russian peasantry, they rose in power during the NEP (New Economic Plan of Lenin) (Poster is part of Stalin's "we will keep out the kulaks" propaganda)

Front 21

"socialism in one country"

Back 21

Stalin's plan for Russia which was determined to rapidly build Russia into an industrial powerhouse, no matter the cost in resources or lives.

Front 22

collectivization

Back 22

Included in Stalin's plan for centralization, collectivization in agriculture required people to give up their resources to the government. Estimated that at least 3 million peasants died as a result of the push for collectivization of agriculture

Front 23

fascism

Back 23

based on the term for a bundle of rods strapped around an axe ( the symbol of authority in ancient Rome, known as the fasces) fascism is an authoritarian political ideology that considers the individual subordinate to the interests of the state,

Front 24

corporatism

Back 24

name of Mussolini's scheme for business in which the different interests in society came together under state control

Front 25

"pronatalist" policy

Back 25

policies to encourage population growth by limiting contraceptive use among other things as well as increasing incentives for large families

Front 26

anti-Semitism

Back 26

hallmark of Nazi rule, built on underlying religious hatreds. Nuremberg Laws deprived Germans of Jewish ancestry of their civil and citizenship rights, which then gave the Nazis unlimited power to deal with the Jews as they wished.

Front 27

pogroms

Back 27

A pogrom (from Russian: "NORPOM" (meaning "wreaking of havoc") is a massive violent attack on a particular ethnic of religious group with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious center). The term has historically been used to denote massive acts of violence, either spontaneous or premeditated, against Jews, but has been applied to similar incidents against other

Front 28

Muslim League

Back 28

created in 1906 when the Muslims had become concerned that the Indian National Congress would replace the British with Hindu leadership

Front 29

ahimsa, satyagraha

Back 29

Ahimsa is a rule of conduct that bars the killing or injuring of living beings, Satyagraha was the term Gandhi used to describe his philosophy of non-violent resistance

Front 30

Amritsar massacre

Back 30

(April 13, 1919), incident in which British troops fired on a crowd of unarmed Indian protesters, killing a large number. It left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.

Front 31

Government of India Act

Back 31

British act that established autonomous legislatures in the provinces, a bicameral national assembly, and an executive under control of the British

Front 32

May 4th Movement

Back 32

Chinese people made mass protests against the presence of the Japanese

Front 33

Guomindang

Back 33

Nationalist People's Party of China, Sun Yatsen had attempted to bring the country under the leadership of that one party

Front 34

Long March

Back 34

Under military pressure from the Guomindang, the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) made a 6000 mile journey fleeing nationalist forces to northwestern China, thousands died and Mao Zedong solidified his role as the leader of the CCP

Front 35

Mukden Incident

Back 35

In 1931, the Japanese army blew up a small portion of their Manchurian railroad and blamed it on the Chinese. They used this incident as an excuse to attack the Chinese.

Front 36

Marcus Garvey

Back 36

saw the African race as a unifying factor and preached black pride and a return to Africa

Front 37

Emiliano Zapata

Back 37

organized peasant armies and led the 1910 social revolution

Front 38

"land and liberty"

Back 38

revolutionary group led by Mark Natanson which wanted the dissolution of the Russian empire

Front 39

"dollar diplomacy" vs. "Yankee imperialism"

Back 39

dollar diplomacy was President William Taft's encouragement of economic investment rather than military intervention vs. Yankee imperialism which was the U.S & Britain's economic policies of taking a large part in the Latin American economy including taking over the export market and takeovers of mining and oil interests

Front 40

Standard Oil Company

Back 40

founded by John D. Rockefeller it was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Established in 1870, it operated as a major company trust and was one of the world's first and largest multinational corporations until it was dissolved by the United States Supreme Court in 1911

Front 41

"Good Neighbor Policy"

Back 41

policy that ensured the National Guard forces would protect American interests in Latin America

Front 42

Somoza

Back 42

long term dictator in Nicaragua, and the beginning of the Somoza dynasty. Command was given by the National Guard

Front 43

to nationalize an industry

Back 43

acquisition and operation by a country of business enterprises formerly owned and operated by private individuals or corporations

Front 44

FDR

Back 44

President of the U.S that aided the country through the Great Depression through revitalization of the economy with New Deal programs, rescinded Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and pledged the Good Neighbor Policy

Front 45

FDR

Back 45

President of the U.S that aided the country through the Great Depression through revitalization of the economy with New Deal programs, rescinded Theodore Roosevelt's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and pledged the Good Neighbor Policy

Front 46

Five Year Plan(s)

Back 46

Soviet economic practice of planning to augment agricultural and industrial output by designated quotas for a limited period of usually five years. First five year plan was Stalin's plan to industrialize Russia.

Front 47

the Great Purge

Back 47

campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin during the 1930s, which removed opposition to his power

Front 48

Mussolini, Il Duce

Back 48

1922 Mussolini inaugurated a fascist regime in Italy, he took the name Il Duce and moved to eliminate political parties, limit the freedom of the press, outlaw free speech, and curb free association

Front 49

NSDAP

Back 49

National Social Democrat Party, formerly Social Democrat Party but Hitler added National to the front in order to insert racist, nationalistic ideas

Front 50

Nuremberg Laws

Back 50

deprived Germans of Jewish ancestry of their civil and citizenship rights, which then gave the Nazis unlimited power to deal with the Jews as they wished

Front 51

Kristallnacht

Back 51

the "night of broken glass" in November 1938, a clear signal that conditions for Jews in Germany were going to quickly deteriorate, number of German Jews seeking to emigrate increased dramatically afterwards

Front 52

Indian National Congress

Back 52

founded in 1885, stressed collaboration with the British as a way to self-rule and was supported by many prominent Hindus and Muslims

Front 53

(Mahatma "Great Soul") Gandhi

Back 53

devout Hindu of the merchant middle class who was trained as a Lawyer. He had a refined philosophy of tolerance and nonviolence and devised a strategy of passive resistance to authority. While working with the Indian National Congress, he transformed it into a representative institution of all classes

Front 54

Pakistan

Back 54

The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory

Front 55

Sun Yatsen

Back 55

1866-1925, became president of a Chinese republic

Front 56

Mao Zedong

Back 56

1893-1976, librarian and former teacher, formed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921

Front 57

Jiang Jieshi

Back 57

Jiang Jieshe, leader of the Nationalist People's Party after Sun Yatsen's death, they purged communists out of the party through a series of murders

Front 58

Maoism vs. Marxist-Leninism

Back 58

Maoism - radical communist platform that included women's equality and complete social revolution with a dictatorship of the proletariat. Marxism - More radical socialism (economic competition is inherently unfair and leads to injustice/inequality) system based on rule of the working class.

Front 59

Jomo Kenyatta

Back 59

African nationalist who became the president of Kenya, spent fifteen years in Europe attending universities . Part of a group of new elite in Africa that used European languages and adopted European dress but still managed to forge new ideas of African identity

Front 60

Pan-Africanism

Back 60

philosophy that is based on the belief that African people share common bonds and objectives and that advocates unity to achieve these objectives

Front 61

Pancho Villa

Back 61

Upon the outbreak of the revolution of 1910-1911 against the Mexican dictator Porfirio Díaz, Villa offered his services to the rebel leader Francisco Indalécio Madero. During Madero's administration he served under the Mexican general Victoriano Huerta, who sentenced him to death for insubordination. Villa escaped to the United States, and following the assassination of Madero and the assumption of power by Huerta in 1913, he returned to join the opposition under the revolutionary leader Venustiano Carranza (he led a rebellion v. him too)

Front 62

Diego Rivera

Back 62

popular Mexican painter, celebrated indigenous art and socialism

Front 63

United Fruit Company

Back 63

major American corporation that traded tropical fruit (primarily bananas and pineapples) grown in Third World plantations and sold in the United States and Europe. Critics accused it of neocolonialism

Front 64

Getulio Vargas

Back 64

dictator president of Brazil who pushed industrialization with the support of the military and enacted social welfare reforms for workers

Front 65

Cesar Sandino

Back 65

leader of the rebels in the Nicaraguan civil war who refused to accept any peace settlement that kept the Marines in the country

Front 66

President Cardenas

Back 66

president of Mexico, nationalized the Mexican oil industry in 1938

Front 67

Chiquita Banana

Back 67

singing cartoon character create by the United Fruit company to soften stereotypes and criticism of the companies involvement in Latin America