Bayne Apwh Ch 34

Front 1

Pan-Slavism

Back 1

movement supported by the Russian government that inspired resistance and rebellion in order to weaken their rival empires

Front 2

Archduke Franz/Francis Ferdinand

Back 2

Archduke of Austro-Hungary, assassinated by Serbs

Front 3

Triple Entente

Back 3

Russia, Britain, France

Front 4

total war

Back 4

military conflict in which nations mobilize all available resources in order to destroy another nation's ability to engage in war

Front 5

Tsar Nicholas II

Back 5

tsar of Russia that abdicated the throne after street demonstrations and military mutinies in 1917, ending three hundred years of Romanov rule

Front 6

trench warfare

Back 6

Life in the trenches was numbing boredom punctuated by sheer terror. the presence of waist-deep mud, half-decayed corpses, trench rats, and lice made for a grim existence.

Front 7

No-man's-land

Back 7

unoccupied land between military forces. Few people made it out of no man's land as it was filled with continuous machine-gun fire

Front 8

home front

Back 8

burden of producing supplies and maintaining industries that fell on the civilians not directly involved in conflict

Front 9

V. I. Lenin

Back 9

Marxist leader and anti-war activist, his activists were radical socialists called Bolsheviks. They pushed an end to the war and transference of legal authority to the soviets.

Front 10

Petrograd

Back 10

soviet workers' council in Saint Petersburg

Front 11

"Peace, Land, Bread"

Back 11

demands of peasants, battle cry of the 1917 revolution

Front 12

Lusitania

Back 12

British liner sunk in 1915, 128 Americans died and this began the public's movement away from neutrality

Front 13

Weimar Republic

Back 13

nickname given to the German state from 1919 to 1933. It was dubbed the "Weimar Republic" by historians in honor of the city of Weimar, where a national assembly convened to write and adopt a new constitution

Front 14

Big four

Back 14

Allied leaders who met at the Paris Peace Conference in January 1919, after World War. They were President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Premier Georges Clemenceau of France, and Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy. Edit
With selected items:

Front 15

League of Nations

Back 15

an established attempt to stave off war bit it proved to be largely infeffectual. Its two major flaws were that it had no power to enforce its decisions and that it depended on collective security to preserve peace. The U.S. never joined because the Senate rejected the idea. Germany and Japan left the League in 1933 while Italy resigned in 1937. The Soviet Union joined in 1934 but was kicked out in 1940. Laid foundations for the United Nations.

Front 16

U.S.S.R

Back 16

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Front 17

self-determination

Back 17

assuaged the feelings of nationalists everywhere and, in some cases, functioned very well as Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia became independent nations Edit

Front 18

Triple Alliance

Back 18

Germany, Austro-Hungary, Italy

Front 19

Schlieffen Plan

Back 19

German plan to defeat France and then turn to meet the Russians

Front 20

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Back 20

emperor of Germany in 1888 following the death of Frederick II.

Front 21

Western Front

Back 21

describes the "contested armed frontier" between lands controlled by Germany to the East and the Allies to the Wes

Front 22

Verdun

Back 22

longest battle of the First World War based around the French stronghold in northeast France and the German's attempts to capture the city

Front 23

mustard gas

Back 23

a strong vesicant (blister-causing agent) first utilized in warfare in WWI by Germany

Front 24

Bolsheviks

Back 24

radical socialists that followed Lenin

Front 25

soviets

Back 25

originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia

Front 26

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Back 26

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey, for the one part, and Russia, for the other part, declare that the state of war between them has ceased in 1918

Front 27

Easter Rebellion

Back 27

rebellion staged in Ireland in Easter Week, 1916. The Rising was an attempt by militant Irish republicans to win independence from Britain

Front 28

influenza pandemic

Back 28

an epidemic of the influenza virus that spreads on a worldwide scale and infects a large proportion of the human population. 1918-1920 pandemic of Spanish flu most serious, killed more people than WWI

Front 29

Woodrow Wilson

Back 29

twenty-eight president of the U.S.

Front 30

Mustafa Kemal

Back 30

army officer, revolutionary statesman, and founder of the Republic of Turkey as well as its first President.

Front 31

mandate system

Back 31

system devised to protect former colonies as they moved toward independence. Conveniently only applied it to the defeated Powers and failed to look at their own colonies

Front 32

Treaties of Versailles, Neuilly, Sevres, St. Germain, Trianon

Back 32

final treaties to end the war that saved the harshest treatment for the vanquished nations as France pushed to permanently weaken Germany. Germans were required to accept full responsibility for the war and pay the full costs of the war (reparations.) Denied navy and air force for the Germans and limited the size of its army to one hundred thousand troops. Territorial break-up of Austria-Hungary was recognized in granting self-determination.