Basic Reacions Of The Cns And Csf

Front 1

What makes up Nissil bodies?

Back 1

Granular endoplasmic recticulum and ribosomes

Front 2

Where are granule cells found? What do they look like?

Back 2

1. Cerebellum
2. No visible cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei

Front 3

What is responsible for the mahogany color of the lateral geniculate body?

Back 3

Lipofuschin

Front 4

What is responsible for the mahogany color of the substantia nigra and the locus ceruleus?

Back 4

Neuromelanin

Front 5

What percentage of neurons does a patient have to lose in order for it be seen using H&E staining?

Back 5

50% to 67%

Front 6

What are astrocytes in white matter called?

Back 6

Fibrous astrocytes

Front 7

What are astrocytes in gray matter called?

Back 7

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Front 8

Can you see the cytoplasm of a normal astrocyte under H&E staining?

Back 8

No you need special stain or immunohistochemical staining to see the cytoplasm

Front 9

What are the special intermediate fibers found in astrocytes called?

Back 9

Glial fibrillary acidic proteins

Front 10

What are oligodendrocytes derived from?

Back 10

O-2A progenitor cells

Front 11

What type of cells line the ventricles and serves as a barrier between brain parenchyma and CSF?

Back 11

Ependymal cells

Front 12

What three things form the BBB?

Back 12

1. Ependymal cells
2. CSF
3. Astrocytes

Front 13

What is the morphology of ependymal cells?

Back 13

Single layer of cuboidal to columnar cells with cilia

Front 14

What type of cells transform into macrophages in the brain?

Back 14

Microglial cells

Front 15

What type of cells can do minor amounts of phagocytosis?

Back 15

Astrocytes

Front 16

What site often catches the seeds of hematogenously spreading infections and also is a common site for tumor growth?

Back 16

Choroid plexus

Front 17

What happens to the choroid plexus with age?

Back 17

Calcification

Front 18

What is the first thing to happen to a hypoxic neuron? What usually happens next? How are these dead neurons usually described?

Back 18

1. It shrinks
2. Becomes eosinophillic
3. Red and Dead

Front 19

Are cerebellar neurons resistant to hypoxia?

Back 19

No, they succumb very fast

Front 20

Where do you find Bergmann astrocytes?

Back 20

Cerebellum

Front 21

Must get oxygen to someone who has suffered cardiac arrest after a max of how long?

Back 21

3 minutes

Front 22

First brain cells to die from anoxia?

Last?

Back 22

First: Purkinje & Telencephalon cells

Last: Brainstem, Thalamic & spinal cord neurons

Front 23

This disease is a cause of frontotemporal demetia

Back 23

Pick's disease

Front 24

What are the changes associated with axonal injury called? What is seen within this neuron?

Back 24

1. Chromatolysis

2. Marginated Nissl substance

Front 25

What problems do neurofibrillary tangles cause?

Back 25

They stop neurological impulses from travelling.

Front 26

Lafora disease is a very uncommon type of what disease?

Back 26

Myoclonic epilepsy

Front 27

Where are Lewy bodies usually seen? Disease it's associated with?

Back 27

Substantia nigra

PARKINSONS

Front 28

What is a morphological change seen in reactive astrocytes? What is another name for reactive astrocytes?

Back 28

1. Cytoplasmic swelling

2. Gemistocytes

Front 29

In what situations would you see Alzheimer II cells?

Where do you usually see them?

Back 29

1. Hepatic failure
2. Hyperammonemia

3. Basal ganglia

Front 30

What is a sign of aging seen in astrocytic processes? Who do you see these in?

Back 30

1. Corpora amylacae
2. Older people and people with chronic Sz

Front 31

Cytomegalovirus produes what inside neuronal nuclei?

Back 31

Cowdry type A bodies

Front 32

What does not happen when ependymal cells die. What diseases can cause glandular ependymitis?

Back 32

1. They are not replaced

2. Syphillis or TB

Front 33

What is the hallmark pathological sign of a ependymal tumor?

Back 33

Perivascular pseudorosette

Front 34

How many CCs of CSF are replaced every hour?

Back 34

20cc

Front 35

How many CCs of CSF do adults have?

Back 35

140cc

Front 36

Degeneration of enttire arboization of a neuron, dendrites, axon and axonal branches, inevitably following the necxrosis of the neuronal cell body an its nucleus is called?

More commin in which nervous system?

Back 36

Wallerian degeneration

Peripheral NS

Front 37

Functions of CSF (4)?

Back 37

1) Physical support

2) Transport

3) Excretion

4) Biochemistry

Front 38

Position of the patient when doing spinal tap (ALWAYS!)

Back 38

Supine

Front 39

Normal adult CSF cell count?

Back 39

0-6 mononuclear cells/mm3

Front 40

Normal adult CSF protein?

Back 40

20-45

Front 41

Normal adult CSF glucose?

Back 41

40-80

Front 42

Normal neonate CSF cell count?

Back 42

8-9 mononuclear cells/mm3

Front 43

Normal neonate CSF protein?

Back 43

<150

Front 44

Normal neonate CSF glucose?

Back 44

50-90