Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Pharmacokinetics definition
|
The study of drug movement throughout the body. In relation to absorption, distribution, metabolism and secretion.
|
mechanics
|
|
|
Absorption
|
movement from site of administration, across membranes, into bloodstream. It determines when drug becomes available to exert its action.
|
|
|
|
Factors affecting absorption
|
Route (IV is fastest, then other liquids)
Drug formulation and solubility Drug dosage Blood flow Conditions at the site administration Effects of pH Drug drug/drug-food interactions |
|
|
|
Distribution
|
3 factors affect distribution
1) local blood flow 2) membrane permeability 3) protein- binding capacity |
|
|
|
Protein binding
|
A drug can be freely distributed only if NOT bound to a protein.
Drug circulates in body until it is released or displaced. |
|
|
|
Metabolism (Biotransformation)
|
chemically converting a drug to a form more easily removed by the body.
Liver is the primary site. |
|
|
|
Factors that affect metabolism
|
Liver function and the first-pass effect
|
|
|
|
First-pass effect
|
Drug absorbed, enters hepatic circulation, metabolized to inactive form, conjugates and leaves liver, distributed to general circulation.
|
|
|
|
Excretion
|
Elimination of drugs.
Primary site is the kidneys. also, liver and GI tract, lungs, exocrine glands. |
|
|
|
Onset
|
Time it takes for a drug to ellicit a response
|
|
|
|
Peak
|
Time it takes for the drug to reach its maximum response in the body.
|
|
|
|
Duration
|
Length of time that a drug concentration in the blood or tissues is sufficient to ellicit a therapeutic response.
|
|
|
|
Pharmacodynamics definition
|
How medications achieve their effects in the body. How a medicine changes the body.
|
|
|
|
Common side effects (usually predictable)
|
N/V/D
Dizziness Drowsiness Dry mouth Abdominal distention/distress Constipation |
|
|
|
Toxicity
|
dangerous and damaging effects to an organ or tissue.
usually localized Caused by: overdose accumulation abnormal sensitivity |
|
|
|
Allergic reaction S/Sx
|
Urticaria (hives)
Pruritus (itching) Edema Rhinitis Respiratory distress |
|
|
|
Tetrogenesis
|
a drugs ability to cause permanent abnormality or death of a fetus.
Category A- safe for fetus Category B- no harm but not enough studies. Category C- adverse effect Category D- risk to fetus Category X- cause fetal abnormalities or death. |
|
|
|
Medication interactions
|
Antagonistic-one drug decreases the effects of the other.
Synergistic- one drug increases the effects of the other. Incompatibilities- multiple drugs mixed together causes chemical deterioration. |
|
