Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics

Front 1

Define: Pharamcodynamics.

Back 1

What the drug does to your body.

OR

Study of the biochemical and physiological processes underlying drug action.

Front 2

Define: Drug.

Back 2

A chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient, that when administered to a living organism produces a biological effect.

Front 3

Define: Medicine.

Back 3

Medicine is the dosage forms of drugs and may contain more than one drug and/or inactive substances for its necessary manufacture.

Front 4

Define: Receptor.

Back 4

A macromolecule with positions in its 3D structure. It has chemo recognising properties for a specific endogenous molecule or drug. This is genetically determined.

Front 5

Define: Reserve receptors.

Back 5

Receptors are said to be in reserve when the maximal response of an agonist can be elicited which is not a result from all the receptors being occupied.

Front 6

Define: Intrinsic activity/effectivity.

Back 6

The ability to elicit a response when bound to a receptor.

Front 7

Define: Potency.

Back 7

A measurement of the dose required to produce a response.

Front 8

Define: Therapeutic index.

Back 8

Relationship between LD50/ED50.

Front 9

What are the main drug target sites ?

Back 9

1. Chemical neutralisation
2. Enzymes
3. Receptor occupying drugs
4. Transporters
5. Ion channels

Front 10

Describe the cAMP system.

Back 10

Cyclic AMP system:
cAMP is formed from ATP under the influence of the enzyme adenylate cyclase

Front 11

Describe the Phosphoinositol biphosphate system.

Back 11

a. PIP2 is converted by the enzyme PIP2 phosphodiesterase (phospholipase C) into diacylglycerol (DAG) and ionositoltriphosphate (IP3).

Front 12

True or false: The cAMP system has a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect.

Back 12

True.

Front 13

True or false: The Phosphoinositol Biphosphate system has a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect.

Back 13

False. It only has a stimulatory effect.

Front 14

Define: Pharmacokinetics.

Back 14

What the body does to the drug.

Front 15

Define: Absorption.

Back 15

Process of crossing biological barriers into the blood.

Front 16

Define: Bioavailability.

Back 16

The measurement of the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration.

Front 17

Define: First-pass effect.

Back 17

Refers to the metabolism/inactivation of drugs by the liver before they reach systemic circulation.

Front 18

Define: Volume of distribution.

Back 18

Describes the relationship between the plasma concentration and the amount of drug in the body.

Front 19

Define: Loading dose.

Back 19

A large initial dose of drugs so that ‘steady state’ is reached more rapidly.

Front 20

Define: Steady state.

Back 20

When the concentration of a drug in the plasma has reached a point where it is an effective therapeutic level (usually achieved by follow-up doses at fixed time intervals).

Front 21

Define: Clearance.

Back 21

Ability of body to eliminate drugs. The sum of elimination and metabolism.

Front 22

List the two different types of rates of elimination.

Back 22

1. First-order elimination or unsaturated -Rate of metabolism is directly proportional to [D]
2. Zero-order elimination or saturated -A constant rate of metabolism, regardless of [D]

Front 23

List the different routes of administration.

Back 23

1. Oral
2. Parenteral
3. Topical
4. Rectal
5. Inhalation
6. Sublingual

Front 24

True or false: Only unionised drugs can be absorbed.

Back 24

True.