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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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[syllabic]
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[+syl]: Forms the nucleus of a syllable. Only vowels are underlyingly [+syl].
--> Includes: vowels, syllabic consonants. [-syl]: Does not form the nucleus of a syllable. This feature differentiates vowels and glides with the same place and manner of articulation. ([u]/[w] and [i]/[j]) --> Includes: glides, non-syllablic consonants |
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[sonorant]
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[+son]: Pressure inside and outside the mouth is roughly equal, and the vocal folds will tend to vibrate. By default, these sounds are [+voice].
--> Includes: vowels, glides, liquids, nasals [-son]: Pressure inside mouth significantly greater than ambient air. By default, these sounds are [-voice]. --> Includes: stops, fricatives, affricates |
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[consonantal]
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[+cons]: Produced with a sustained vocal tract restriction at least to the degree required for fricatives.
--> Includes: obstruents, nasals, liquids [-cons]: Sounds produced without the above-described constriction. --> Includes: vowels, glides |
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Major Class Features
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[syllabic] [syl]
[sonorant] [son] [consonantal] [cons] |
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Vowels
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[+syl
+son -cons] |
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Glides
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[-syl
+son -cons] |
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Liquids
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[-syl
+son +cons -nas] |
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Nasals
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[-syl
+son +cons +nas] |
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Liquids and Nasals (Major class)
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[-syl
+son +cons] |
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Obstruents
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[-syl
-son +cons] |
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Place of Articulation Features
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[labial] [lab]
--> [round] [rnd] [coronal] --> [anterior] [ant] --> [distributed] [distr] [dorsal] [dors] [high] [back] [low] [guttural] --> [retracted tongue root] [RTR] --> [radical] --> [laryngeal] [advanced tongue root] [ATR] --> [tense] [tns] |
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[labial]
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[+lab]: Formed with a constriction at the lips.
--> Includes: labial consonants, round vowels [-lab]: Formed without a constriction at the lips. --> Includes: everything else |
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[round]
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Sub-feature of [labial]
Produced with lips rounded and/or protruded. [+rnd] on a consonant creates a secondary articulation. |
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[coronal]
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[+cor]: Produced by raising the tongue blade toward the teeth or hard palate.
--> Includes: Dentals, alveolars, palato-alveolars, palatals, retroflex consonants. [-cor]: Tongue does not move toward teeth or hard palate. --> Includes: Labials, velars, uvulars, pharyngeals. |
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[anterior]
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Sub-feature of [coronal]. Any +/- value for [ant] implies [+cor]
[+ant]: Primary constriction at or in front of the alveolar ridge. --> Includes: Dentals, alveolars. [-ant]: Primary constriction behind the alveolar ridge. --> Includes: Palato-alveolars, palatals, retroflex consonants |
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[distributed]
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Sub-feature of [coronal]. Any +/- value for [distr] implies [+cor].
[+distr]: Constriction that extends for a considerable distance along the direction of airflow (mid-saggital axis of the oral tract). Sounds made with blade or front of tongue. --> Includes: Interdentals, palato-alveolars, palatals. [-distr]: Produced with a constriction that only extends a short distance in the direction of airflow. Sounds made with the tip of the tongue. --> Includes: Alveolars, retroflex sounds |
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[dorsal]
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[+dors]: Constriction formed with back of tongue raised or retracted to velum or uvula.
--> Includes: Velars, uvulars. [-dors]: No such constriction. --> Includes: everything except velars, uvulars. |
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[high]
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[+high]: Body of tongue raises toward palate.
--> Includes: Palatals, velars, palatalized consonants, velarized consonants, high vowels, high glides. [-high]: Body of tongue does not raise toward palate. --> Includes: Everything not enumerated above. |
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[back]
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[+back]: Tongue body relatively retracted from reference point.
--> Includes: Velars, uvulars, pharyngeals, velarized consonants, pharyngealized consonants, central vowels and glides, back vowels and glides. [-back]: Palatalized sounds, everything else not enumerated as [+back] |
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[low]
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[+low]: Body of tongue drawn down from roof of mouth.
--> Includes: Low vowels (ӕ, ɑ), pharyngeal consonants, pharyngealized consonants. [-low]: Everything else |
